Cambridge University Reporter Special

A Congregation of the Regent House was held this day at 2.45 p.m. The Chancellor was present. Processions formed in the Schools Arcade at 2.40 p.m. and entered the Senate-House by the South Door and the East Door.

Music was performed at the Congregation by Members of the Academy of Ancient Music and the Choirs of Gonville and Caius College and Selwyn College.

Honorary Fellow of Selwyn College, Lord Archbishop of York, and Primate of England

sometime Rothschild Visiting Professor at the Isaac Newton Institute, Frederick W. Gluck Professor of Theoretical Physics and Director of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Nobel Laureate in Physics

Honorary Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, formerly Fellow of King's College, Professor of Pathology and Head of the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology in the University of Oxford

Honorary Fellow of Pembroke College and of Jesus College, Honorary Professor of Music, Founder and Emeritus Director of the Academy of Ancient Music

The Orator delivered the following speeches when presenting to The Chancellor the recipients of Honorary Degrees:

VAE uobis legis peritis, scripsit euangelista,¹ nec, si hunc uirum nouisset, non addidisset, qui iuri iustitiaeque studentes uim libidinem uoluntatem regum parui habetis! natus enim in Vganda in Boum gentem, tauro fortiorem se praestabat dum initio in causis agendis, postea ad summa iudicum subsellia arcessitus, effrenatae superbiae et saeuae impotentiae furiosissimi tyranni palam nec sine sibi discrimine resistit. sed nec illius percussores neque carcerem uitare poterat, nec possum dicere si mansisset quid incommodi, quid perniciei accepturus fuerit.

itaque in Angliam effugit, in Collegium Selwynianum admissus est, se ad sanctae theologiae studium dedicauit. et sacerdotis infula assumpta, ne longum faciam, non diu in parochia incognitus latebat: episcopi purpuram primum apud Stubehudenses deinde apud Birminghamienses induit, et mox Eboracum tantum tympanis quantum magno eius risu resonabat. numquam prius, mihi crede, archiepiscopus iuuenis potius quam monachi cucullum gesserat, numquam tabernaculum in ecclesia sibi posuerat. nemo enim dicat eum ab oculis populi umquam se abdidisse qui, ut aliud monstrum Africanum reprehenderet, infulam suam publice discidit: neque enim se eam resumpturum nisi ille potestatem deposuisset.

nec mirum tali humanitate, tali humilitate praeditum uirum, qui tam iuris quam doloris ipse peritus est, rogatum esse ut iuuenis Stephani mortem inquirentes (qui corpus ipsum custodum Metropolitanorum odio ingenito inquinatum esse arguerunt) admoneat, de caede pueri Damilolae scrutantibus praesideat. nunc denique omnes qui mirantur maerentque simul ecclesiam Anglicanam tantis discidiis distrahi sperant fore ut hic saltem rebus laborantibus medelam adferat.

praesento uobis magistrum in artibus, doctorem in philosophia, reuerendissimum atque illustrissimum archiepiscopum Eboracensem metropolitanum et Angliae primatem, Collegi Selwyniani honoris causa consocium meum,

'WOE unto you lawyers,' wrote the evangelist, and if he had known our first honorand, he would surely have continued, 'if you dedicate yourselves to right and justice, and ignore the violent whims of tyrants.' Born in Uganda in the Buffalo Clan, he showed himself to have the courage of a bull when, first as a lawyer and then as a judge in the High Court, and at considerable personal danger, he openly opposed Idi Amin's reign of terror. He could not avoid imprisonment or a beating at the hands of Amin's thugs, and had he stayed in Uganda, one cannot say what fate would have befallen him.

And so he escaped to England, where he was accepted by Selwyn College to read Theology. He offered himself for ordination, and, to be brief, he did not long remain unnoticed in the parishes. He was made a bishop, first in Stepney and later in Birmingham, and soon the Archdiocese of York was ringing as much with his laughter as with the sound of African drums. Never before had an Archbishop worn a hoodie instead of a cowl; never, I suspect, had an Archbishop camped out in his own Minster. For let it not be said that he is one to shirk publicity: he, after all, cut up his own dog collar on television as a protest against Robert Mugabe, saying that he would not wear it again until Mugabe was removed from office.

It is no wonder that this man of such humanity and humility, versed in the law and no stranger himself to suffering, should have been asked to serve as an adviser to the Lawrence Commission, which branded the Metropolitan Police as institutionally racist, and to chair the inquiry into the case of Damilola Taylor. Now all those whose astonishment as well as sadness is aroused by the divisions and disaffection within the Anglican Communion look to him to help to heal the wounds.

JOHN TUCKER MUGABI SENTAMU, M.A., PH.D.

Honorary Fellow of Selwyn College,
Lord Archbishop of York and Primate of England

DAVIDEM GROSS

GREEK philosophers first theorised that matter might be composed of discrete microscopic building blocks which they named atoms. Today we know that atoms are not in reality indivisible but are composed of smaller structures, and these in their turn of even smaller ones. Thus eventually we arrive at the quarks, the truly fundamental particles from which the Universe is built. And what strange particles they are! Physicists tell us that they possess certain 'colours' (not visible colours, to be sure: this is just a metaphor), and just as when mixed the three primary colours of light produce white, when three quarks of different colours combine they form a larger, colourless particle called a baryon, such as a proton or a neutron. Furthermore between any particles with colour there exists a force of attraction called the Colour Force - or, because it is so strong, the Strong Nuclear Force. So strong is this force indeed that no matter how violently protons are made to collide with one another inside particle accelerators, they cannot be broken up into their constituent quarks. And yet, paradoxically, when they are packed together inside the proton the quarks behave as if there were no force binding them.

David Gross and two colleagues discovered the reason: the Colour Force between the quarks acts like a bungee cord. The further apart they are, the stronger is the force of attraction between them. The mathematical description of this phenomenon, which is called asymptotic freedom, gave rise to the science of quantum chromodynamics, and marked an advance on the road to the unification of the four fundamental forces of physics.

his narratur uersibus quo modo artifex humanus facultatem uolandi excogitauerit. cui similis hic uir studiis in Collegio Imperiali apud Londinienses perfectis societati a Carolo Rolls et Frederico Royce conditae adductus est ut uolatilia machinamenta moliretur, quae, non iam e cera et pennis composita, alis istis Daedaleis certius per aera iter praestare ualent. quis eo die credidisset eum, cum tandem se e negotiis remouisset, societatis praefectorum collegi decem annos praesidem fore? et quid prosperitatis, quid felicitatis eo praeside non adepta est? nam ex parua societate quae uix decimam quamque machinam Daedaleam fabricari solebat - notum enim est haud multo ante periculum fuisse ne rationes eius conturbarentur nisi ei penes quos erat respublica intercessissent - per huius artificis ingenium, firmitudinem animi, in negotiis administrandis calliditatem ita creuit ut hodie dimidiam partem totius mercatus habeat. eo etiam duce instituta ad artes utiliores promouendas (ex quibus tria apud nos) condita sunt, quae una cum academia nouis rebus inuentis uterentur, beneficiis mutuis amicitiae fruerentur.

praesento uobis inter negotiatores uerum principem et amicum academiae, equitem auratum, reginae in comitatu Darbiensi legati uicarium, Fabrorum Regiae Academiae et Aeronauticorum Regiae Societatis sodalem, societatis Rolls-Roycianae olim praesidem,

³ Ovid Metamorphoses 8.188-195; the English version quoted is that of the Revd Samuel Croxall from Garth's edition of 1717.

In these lines Ovid describes the first attempt by a human craftsman to devise a means of flight. Having completed his studies at Imperial College, London, our honorand joined the Rolls-Royce company as a graduate apprentice to work on rather more modern aeroplane engines (with a somewhat better safety record than those of Daedalus!). Who then would have guessed that when he came to retire after forty-seven years of service to the company, he would do so as the chairman of the board. And what a prosperous decade the company enjoyed under his leadership! Not so long ago it would have gone bankrupt, had not the government of the day stepped in. Of engines for civil use it made barely one in eight. Thanks to Sir Ralph's technical know-how, his determination, and his business skills, the company has grown into one which commands half the market share. At the same time it has been a pioneer of cooperation between industry and academe: in founding University Technology Centres (three of them here in Cambridge) it has shown how business and universities can cooperate in developing and exploiting new technologies to their mutual benefit.

I present to you a true captain of industry and no stranger to the groves of Academe,

SAGITTAM mirabilem Scythae cuidam Abaridi nomine Phoebum olim dedisse dicunt Graeci. qua uectum Abarin et per aethera uagum ei loquendo ex urbibus quas tetigerit omne genus pestilentiae expellere solere.

hic quoque uir telum mirum habet, quod haud multum errabo, ut opinor, si ab Apolline donatum dixero. quid? nonne etiam Smintheus nominatur? muris enim cyttaros cancro corruptos, qui continenter se generarent, cum aliis qui morbum defenderent ideo coniunxit ut pura corpora salutaria continuo profunderent quae cum alias praeterirent, albas tamen sanguinis cellulas quasi scopos proprios peterent, petitas occiderent. quis dubitare poterat quin talia corpora, si modo ita produci possent ut eis in medicamento uteretur, maximam medendi potestatem haberent? pharmacopolae tamen, quippe qui negotiatores sint et lucro potius quam beneficio saepe studeant, cum ne uia ab academia ad nosocomium longa nec sine sumptu futura esset uererentur, nullo fere auxilio fuerunt. itaque ipse in ergasterio suo quo modo tantam copiam talium corporum qualia salutari usui apta forent produceret machinari coactus est. quod fecit; sed etiam tunc hoc difficultatis ei obstitit. nam haec corpora, ut memoraui, muris cyttari exprompserant et, cum in hominem iniecta essent, corpus eius aliena origine cognita in ea, et in sanationem ipsam igitur, impetum faciebat. nullum tamen est impedimentum quod huius ingenium superare non possit, et, cum sociis adiuuantibus, curauit ut efficaciora sint simul atque humaniora.

multi alii sane tali arte in rebus uestigandis uel dinoscendis usi sunt; hic tamen eminet qui summa peritia diligentia constantia eas ad morbos sanandos adhibuerit. nam quae produxit nomen ergasterii apud nos pharmacologici habentia, adnuentibus illis comitiis talibus praestantibus et in Europa et in Foederatis Americae Ciuitatibus, cum in tumoribus quibusdam lymphaticis curandis iam magno sunt usui, tum spem bonam ostendunt morbo cicatricum cerebralium medendi.

praesento uobis magistrum in artibus, baccalaureum in medicina necnon in chirurgia, doctorem in philosophia, Regalis Societatis Sodalem, Collegi Dominae Franciscae Sidney Sussex socium honoris causa, Collegi Regalis olim socium, Pathologiae Professorem et caput Scholae Pathologiae in nomine Gulielmi Dunn apud Oxonienses,

THE Greeks say that Phoebus Apollo once gave a magic arrow to a certain Scythian by the name of Abaris, and that he used to ride it through the air, and in the cities where he touched down he would talk to it and thus cure all manner of disease.

Our honorand has a magic bullet, and I shall not be too far off the mark, I think, if I say that like Abaris he too received it from Apollo, who, after all, is the god of mice as well as of healing. From a rat he took cancer cells, which perpetually reproduce themselves, and fused them with other cells from the immune system so as to obtain a continuous source of antibodies, which, although they ignore other types of cell, target certain white blood cells, lock on to them, and kill them. The therapeutic potential of these antibodies was obvious, provided they could be developed for clinical use. But the pharmaceutical companies, being, after all, businesses, and with their eyes on the bottom line, fearing the road from the laboratory to the treatment room would be a long and expensive one, were slow to help. So our honorand was compelled to devise a way to produce sufficient quantities of his antibody suitable for medicinal use in his own laboratory. This he did; but one further difficulty remained. The antibodies were derived from rat cells, and when they were injected into the body of a patient the immune system recognised their foreign origin and attacked them; attacked, that is, the cure. But there is no obstacle which genius cannot overcome, and, with his colleagues, he succeeded in altering the protein structure to make the antibodies more human, and thus increased their effectiveness.

Others may have used these techniques for research and diagnostic purposes. But this man stands out as one who, through his scientific skill, his perseverance, and his sheer determination, applied them to the treatment of disease. The antibody he produced bears the name CAMPATH-1H, after the Department of Pathology here in Cambridge where the work was done. Licensed by the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration, it is used already in the treatment of some lymphatic cancers, and shows promise as a treatment for multiple sclerosis.

Honorary Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, formerly Fellow of King's College, Professor of Pathology and Head of the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology in the University of Oxford

INSIGNEM hunc uidetis, magistri, philomusum, qui cum initium cursus uitae fecisset plectrocymbalo canens, tantum ut unus e maximis musicae antiquioris fautoribus quantum ut summa ingenii acie praeditus mesochorus laudem celeriter cepit. amplitudo peritiae a priscis musicis usque ad eos qui nunc sunt extenditur: in illis nomen eius cum Haydniana Handelianaque musica praecipue coniungitur; apud hos eis qui classicis ac tumidioribus modis cantus componant maxime studet. magna est ei uoluptas in scriptoribus Boicis, qui a sodalitate Pragensi quae Bohuslav Martinů celebrat proprio nomismate ornatus est. sed quidquid cuiuslibet aeui tractat, siue canit ipse, siue alios ducit, hoc in primis symphonias eius notat, hoc existimatoribus laude maxima dignum uidetur, quod ne sonus quidem produci sinit dum operam omnem dat non ad inueniendum modo sed ad renouandum quid auctor in mente habuerit.

nam non est musicus tantum, sed ipsius musicae artis uel potius scientiae discipulus. discipulum dixi? immo, uir doctissimus. artes illas enim quibus alii ut inueniant quid scripserint auctores Romani et Graeci utuntur, hic uir (qui litteris humanioribus apud nos studebat) ad rem musicam adhibet. multa alia et corpus Mendelssohnianum edidit per quod, uariis emendationibus patefactis, artem illius quo modo excogitata esset in lucem protulit.

indoles tamen eius, quam mihi quidem Musae omnino inuiderunt, miraculo est maximo: quid enim est laudis quod critici ei non impertiunt? quod theatrum cothurnatum eum non cognouit, accipit, exoptatum amat? urbs Halae in Salam nuper eum praemio Handeliano exornauit; ad illas laureas hodie nos nostras addimus.praesento uobis magistrum in artibus, Excellentissimi Ordinis Imperi Britannici commendatorem, Collegiorum Pembrochiani et Iesu socium honoris causa, apud nos musicae professorem honoris causa, Musicae Antiquioris Academiae conditorem et quondam rectorem,

THERE stands before you a distinguished musician beloved of the Muses. He began his career as a harpsichordist, and quickly gained renown as a major proponent of early music and as a conductor of the greatest skill. His repertoire runs the gamut from ancient to modern: his name is associated with Haydn and Handel, but he is also a devotee of the neo-Classical and neo-Baroque, and he has a particular penchant for Czech composers. Indeed, the Martinů Society of Prague awarded him their medal. But whatever he is working on, from whatever period, whether he is playing or conducting others, there is one thing in particular that marks out his music and draws praise from the critics: he does not allow a single note to be played until he has used all his skill to discover and recreate the original intention of the composer.

For he is not just a musician, but a student of the art, or rather science, of music. No, not a student, but a most learned practitioner. For the techniques of textual criticism which others apply to Greek and Roman authors, he (who indeed read Classics as an undergraduate at Pembroke College), applies to music. He has produced many editions, including of Mendelssohn's overtures and symphonies; by showing their many variations he has revealed how the composer produced his art.

But for those like your Orator whom the Muses begrudge any such skill, it is his talent which is the greatest marvel. What praise do the critics not lavish upon him? Is there an opera house in which he is not known, which does not welcome him with open arms? The City of Halle this year awarded him the Handel Prize. Today we add our honours to theirs.

Honorary Fellow of Pembroke College and of Jesus College, Honorary Professor of Music, Founder and Emeritus Director of the Academy of Ancient Music

Congregation of the Regent House on 23 June 2008

JOHN TUCKER MUGABI SENTAMU, M.A., PH.D.

DAVIDEM GROSS