Skip to main contentCambridge University Reporter

No 6531

Wednesday 12 December 2018

Vol cxlix No 13

pp. 266–281

Form and conduct of examinations

Notices by Faculty Boards, or other bodies concerned, of changes to the form and conduct of certain examinations to be held in 2018–19, by comparison with those examinations in 2017–18, are published below. Complete details of the form and conduct of all examinations are available from the Faculties or Departments concerned.

Archaeology Tripos, Parts I and IIa, 2018–19

The Faculty Board of Human, Social, and Political Science gives notice of the following papers which are offered for Part I and Part IIa of the Archaeology Tripos in the academical year 2018–19.

Part I

A3. Introduction to the culture of Egypt and Mesopotamia

This paper will be assessed by coursework, accounting for 20% of the final mark, and by one three-hour examination, counting for 80% of the final mark. The paper will be divided into two sections and candidates will be required to answer questions from both sections.

A4. Being human: interdisciplinary perspectives

This paper will be assessed by 100% coursework.

B1. Humans in biological perspective

This paper will be assessed solely by a three-hour examination. The paper will be undivided.

E1. Egyptian language I

This paper is assessed through two in-class tests of two hours each. The first will take place after the end of week two of Lent Term, while the second will be conducted after the end of week four of Easter Term. Each test will make up 50% of the total mark awarded for the paper.

Each test will consist of short questions designed to test the students’ knowledge of grammatical forms, and/or the transliteration and translation of selections of unseen sentences and passages in hieroglyphic Middle Egyptian, appropriate to the expected level of proficiency of the students at the time of each assessment. In addition to the transliteration and translation, the complete grammatical analysis of each Egyptian sentence or passage will be required for both tests. The use of sign lists and glossaries or dictionaries is permitted, and copies will be supplied to the students for use in the test by the course co-ordinator.

M1. Akkadian language I

This paper will be assessed solely by a three-hour examination. Candidates must answer all questions. The number of questions may vary from year to year. The relative percentage weight of each question will be specified in the examination paper.

With reference to extracts from set texts and/or unseen passages, candidates may be required to transliterate, and/or translate into English, and/or normalise, and/or answer linguistic or philological questions. Candidates may be asked questions about Akkadian grammar. Candidates may be asked to translate passages or sentences into Old Babylonian.

For the purposes of setting unseens and passages for translation into Akkadian, it will be assumed that candidates are familiar with all the vocabulary and idioms encountered in the set texts.

Part IIa

A2. Archaeology in action

This paper will be assessed by four pieces of coursework, counting for 40% of the final mark, and one three-hour examination, counting for 60% of the final mark. The paper will be divided into two sections and candidates will be required to answer questions from both sections.

A10. Archaeological theory and practice I (also serves as Paper ARC6 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

This paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper (80% of the total mark) and a 3,000-word report on the Easter field trip or a project of the same word length (20% of the total mark). The paper is undivided.

A11. From data to interpretation (also serves as Paper B5 of the Archaeology Tripos and as Paper BAN4 of Part II of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

This paper will be assessed by a single piece of coursework counting for 100% of the final mark. The coursework will be structured into four sections, each section containing two questions, and candidates will be asked to select three questions, no more than one from each section. Questions will be made available online three days before the submission deadline.

A21. Archaeological science I (also serves as Paper ARC8 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper, worth 80% of the overall mark, and completion of a practical workbook, worth 20% of the overall mark.

A22. Palaeolithic archaeology (also serves as Paper ARC10 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

This paper is assessed by coursework counting for 30% of the mark and a three-hour written examination which will count for 70% of the mark. The coursework is a practical project report on one or several Palaeolithic artefacts of the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (word-limit: 3,000 words, not including references; two pages of illustrations). The submission date of the practical project report will be in week three or four of Easter Term.

A23. European prehistory (also serves as Paper ARC12 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper, worth 80% of the overall mark, and one project worth 20% of the overall mark. The examination paper will be divided into two sections and students are required to answer at least one question from each section.

A24. The medieval globe (also serves as Papers ARC26 and ARC27 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper, worth 80% of the overall mark, and a project worth 20% of the overall mark.

A27. Society and settlement in ancient Egypt (also serves as Paper ARC18 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper, worth 80% of the overall mark, and a project worth 20% of the overall mark. The examination paper will be divided into two sections and students must answer at least one question from each section.

A29. The archaeology of religion in ancient Egypt (also serves as Paper ARC20 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper, worth 80% of the overall mark, and a project worth 20% of the overall mark. The examination paper will be divided into two sections and students must answer at least one question from each section.

A25. Mesopotamian archaeology I: prehistory and early states (also serves as Paper ARC22 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper, worth 80% of the overall mark, and a short notes and images test worth 20% of the overall mark.

A31. Ancient India I: the Indus civilisation and beyond (also serves as Paper ARC29 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper, worth 70% of the overall mark, and two essays each worth 15% of the overall mark.

A34. The archaeology of Mesoamerica and North America (also serves as Paper ARC32 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper, worth 80% of the overall mark, and a project worth 20% of the overall mark.

A35. African archaeology (also serves as Paper ARC33 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper worth 80% of the overall mark and an object-based report, worth 20%.

 

Biological Anthropology

B2. Human ecology and behaviour (also serves as Paper BAN2 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper. The paper will be divided into three sections of four questions each. Students must answer three questions, one from each section.

B3. Human evolution (also serves as Paper BAN3 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper, worth 85% of the overall mark, and one practical examination, worth 15% of the overall mark. The examination paper will be undivided and candidates are required to answer three of the questions.

B4. Human comparative biology

This paper is assessed solely through written examination. The examination will take the form of a three-hour examination paper with three sections. Students must answer one question from each section.

B5. From data to interpretation (also serves as Paper A11 of the Archaeology Tripos and as Paper BAN4 of Part II of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

This paper will be assessed by a single piece of coursework counting for 100% of the final mark. The coursework will be structured into four sections, each section containing two questions, and candidates will be asked to select three questions, no more than one from each section. Questions will be made available online three days before the submission deadline.

 

Egyptian language

E1. Egyptian language I

This paper is assessed through two in-class tests of two hours each. The first one will take place after the end of week two of Lent Term, while the second will be conducted after the end of week four of Easter Term. Each test will make up 50% of the total mark awarded for the paper.

Each test will consist of short questions designed to test the students’ knowledge of grammatical forms, and/or the transliteration and translation of selections of unseen sentences and passages in hieroglyphic Middle Egyptian, appropriate to the expected level of proficiency of the students at the time of each assessment. In addition to the transliteration and translation, the complete grammatical analysis of each Egyptian sentence or passage will be required for both tests. The use of sign lists and glossaries or dictionaries is permitted, and copies will be supplied to the students for use in the test by the course co-ordinator.

E2. Middle Egyptian texts

This paper is assessed through two in-class tests of two hours each. The first one will take place after the end of week two of Lent Term, while the second will be conducted after the end of week four of Easter Term. Each test will make up 50% of the total mark awarded for the paper.

Each test will consist of the transliteration and translation of selections of unseen passages in hieroglyphic Middle Egyptian. In addition to the transliteration and translation, the complete grammatical analysis of each Egyptian passage will be required for both tests. The use of sign lists and glossaries or dictionaries is permitted, and copies will be supplied to the students for use in the test by the course co-ordinator.

 

Akkadian language and Mesopotamian culture

M1. Akkadian language I

This paper will be assessed solely by a three-hour examination. Candidates must answer all questions. The number of questions may vary from year to year. The relative percentage weight of each question will be specified in the examination paper.

With reference to extracts from set texts and/or unseen passages, candidates may be required to transliterate, and/or translate into English, and/or normalise, and/or answer linguistic or philological questions. Candidates may be asked questions about Akkadian grammar. Candidates may be asked to translate passages or sentences into Old Babylonian.

For the purposes of setting unseens and passages for translation into Akkadian, it will be assumed that candidates are familiar with all the vocabulary and idioms encountered in the set texts.

M3. Mesopotamian culture II: religion and scholarship (also serves as Paper ARC25 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

This paper will be assessed through three coursework essays of 2,000 words, each worth a third of the final mark, on topics specified by the co-ordinator.

M4. Akkadian language II (also serves as Paper ARC34 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

The paper will be assessed by a three-hour examination (80%) and by coursework (20%). All questions will be compulsory in the examination. Their number and relative weighting may vary from year to year. The percentage weight of each question will be specified in the paper. Candidates will be required to transliterate and/or translate and/or normalise passages from the set texts and/or unseen passages, justifying their translations of difficult words or constructions with notes. Comment and/or parsing may be required for particular forms or constructions. Coursework: candidates will be required to write 500 words of commentary on the content and/or textual basis of one of the set texts (as specified by the course co-ordinator), and 500 words of philological commentary on one or more extracts from the set texts (as specified by the course co-ordinator).The two coursework assignments are equally weighted.

 

The following papers are not offered in 2018–19:

A26.

Mesopotamian archaeology II: territorial states to empires

A28.

Ancient Egypt in context: an archaeology of foreign relations

A30.

Archaeology of death and burial in ancient Egypt

A32.

Ancient India II: early historic cities of South Asia

A33.

Ancient South America

M2.

Mesopotamian culture I: literature

M5.

Akkadian language III

M6.

Sumerian

M7.

Mesopotamian history I: states and structures

M8.

Mesopotamian history II: empires and systems

Economics Tripos, 2018–19

The Faculty Board of Economics gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2019, the form of the examinations for the following papers for the Economics Tripos will be amended as outlined below.

Part I

Paper 4. Political and social aspects of economics

Previously, this paper required students to answer four out of eight questions, with each question carrying equal weight.

The number of questions set will now be reduced from eight to seven questions.

Part IIa

Paper 3. Theory and practice of econometrics I

Previously this was an unsectioned paper with students required to answer four out of seven questions, with three sub-parts for each question.

The paper will now be sectioned and require students to answer four questions in total, with at least one question from each section. There will be five questions set for Section A on Cross sections, and two questions set for Section B on Time series.

Paper 9. Historical perspectives on economic growth

This is a new paper and will be examined by an unsectioned paper which requires students to answer three out of six questions. Each question has equal weight.

Part IIb

Paper 9. Industry

Previously this was a sectioned paper with students required to answer a total of three questions. Under Section A students were required to answer one out of two mathematics-based questions, and in Section B students were required to answer two out of four essay-based questions.

The paper will now be unsectioned, requiring students to answer three out of six questions, with each question carrying equal weight.

Historical Tripos, 2019

The Faculty Board of History gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2019, the form of the examinations for certain papers of the Historical Tripos will be as follows:

Preliminary Examination for Part I
and Part I

Section D, European history

Paper 14. European history, c. 900–c. 1450

There will be one three-hour examination paper. Candidates will be required to answer three questions.
 

Preliminary Examination for Part II
and Part II

Section D, Specified subjects

Paper 24. The American Revolution in unexpected places

This paper is being examined for the first time. There will be one three-hour examination paper, consisting of a maximum of eighteen essay questions. Candidates will be required to answer three questions.

All other papers remain unchanged. Full details of the examination can be found at https://www.hist.cam.ac.uk/undergraduate/examinations.

Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos, Part II, 2018–19

The Faculty Board of Human, Social, and Political Science gives notice of the following papers which are offered, and those which are not offered, for Part II of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos in the academical year 2018–19.

Archaeology

ARC6. Archaeological theory and practice I (also serves as Paper A10 of Part II of the Archaeology Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper (80% of the total mark) and a 3,000-word report on the Easter field trip or a project of the same word length (20% of the total mark). The paper is undivided.

ARC7. Archaeological theory and practice II (also serves as Paper A12 of the Archaeology Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper worth 80% of the overall mark, and a report on summer fieldwork worth 20% of the overall mark. Joint track students produce a piece of coursework of equivalent length, worth 20% of the final mark, on a subject agreed with the paper co-ordinator.

ARC10. Palaeolithic archaeology (also serves as Paper A22 of Part II of the Archaeology Tripos)

This paper is assessed by coursework counting for 30% of the mark and a three-hour written examination which will count for 70% of the mark. The coursework is a practical project report on one or several Palaeolithic artefacts of the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (word-limit: 3,000 words, not including references; two pages of illustrations). The submission date of the practical project report will be in week three or four of Easter Term.

ARC11. Special topics in Palaeolithic archaeology and human evolution (also serves as Paper BAN9)

This paper is assessed by coursework counting for 20% of the mark, and a three-hour written examination, which will count for 80% of the mark. The coursework is an essay. The submission date of the essay will be in week eight of Lent Term.

ARC26. The medieval globe (also serves as Paper A24 of the Archaeology Tripos and as Paper ARC27 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper, worth 80% of the overall mark, and a project worth 20% of the overall mark.

ARC27. The medieval globe (also serves as Paper A24 of the Archaeology Tripos and as Paper ARC26 of Part IIb of the Human, Social, and Political Sciences Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper, worth 80% of the overall mark, and a project worth 20% of the overall mark.

ARC18. Society and settlement in ancient Egypt (also serves as Paper A27 of the Archaeology Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper, worth 80% of the overall mark, and a project worth 20% of the overall mark. The examination paper will be divided into two sections and students must answer at least one question from each section.

ARC20. The archaeology of religion in ancient Egypt (also serves as Paper A29 of the Archaeology Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper, worth 80% of the overall mark, and a project worth 20% of the overall mark. The examination paper will be divided into two sections and students must answer at least one question from each section.

ARC25. Mesopotamian culture II: religion and scholarship (also serves as Paper M3 of Part II of the Archaeology Tripos)

This paper will be assessed through three coursework essays of 2,000 words, each worth a third of the final mark, on topics specified by the co-ordinator.

ARC33. African archaeology (also serves as Paper A35 of the Archaeology Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper worth 80% of the overall mark and an object-based report, worth 20%.

 

The following papers are not offered in 2018–19:

ARC19.

Ancient Egypt in context: an archaeology of foreign relations

ARC21.

Archaeology of death and burial in ancient Egypt

ARC23.

Mesopotamian archaeology II: territorial states to empires

ARC24.

Mesopotamian culture I: literature

ARC30.

Ancient India II: early historic cities of South Asia

ARC31.

Ancient South America

ARC35.

Akkadian language III

ARC36.

Sumerian

ARC38.

Old and late Egyptian texts

ARC39.

Mesopotamian history I: states and structures

ARC40.

Mesopotamian history II: empires and systems

 

Biological Anthropology

BAN2. Human ecology and behaviour (also serves as Paper B2 of the Archaeology Tripos)

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper. The paper will be divided into three sections of four questions each. Students must answer three questions, one from each section.

BAN4. From data to interpretation (also serves as Papers A11 and B5 of the Archaeology Tripos)

This paper will be assessed by a single piece of coursework counting for 100% of the final mark. The coursework will be structured into four sections, each section containing two questions, and candidates will be asked to select three questions, no more than one from each section. Questions will be made available online three days before the submission deadline.

BAN5. Major topics in human evolution

The examination will consist of a three-hour written examination paper. The paper will be divided into two sections, each section containing five questions, and candidates are asked to answer three questions, at least one from each section.

BAN7. Human culture and behaviour

The examination will consist of a three-hour written examination paper. The paper will be divided into four sections, each section containing three questions, and candidates are asked to answer three questions, no more than one from each section.

BAN8. Health and disease in anthropological perspective

The examination for this paper will take the form of a three-hour examination paper worth 100% of the mark. The papers will be divided into four sections, each section containing three questions, and candidates are asked to answer three questions, not more than one from each section.

 

Politics and International Studies

POL4. Comparative politics

The paper is divided into two parts: (1) a range of case studies from different regions in the world; (2) themes in comparative politics. Candidates will be required to take a three-hour written examination. The examination paper will be divided into six sections. Section A will consist of at least six questions covering general themes in comparative politics. Sections B–F will cover the case studies with each case study being a section and there being two questions in each section. Candidates will be required to answer three questions from three different sections, taking one question from Section A.

POL6. Statistics and methods in politics and international relations

Assessment for this paper will consist of two parts (each counting for 50% of the overall result). First, a 5,000-word report on a quantitative research project on a dataset, chosen from a list of possible datasets provided by the course organiser. This report is to be submitted early in Easter Term.

Second, a two-hour written paper. The paper will consist of one question, which will be divided into several sub-questions and focuses on several statistical methods taught in the course. All candidates have to answer this question.

POL12. The politics of the Middle East

The examination will consist of a three-hour written paper. Candidates will be required to answer three questions from a choice of at least ten, including questions on the politics of the Middle East, the international relations of the Middle East, and the politics of Islamism. The paper will be undivided. Students have the option of being assessed by two long essays for this paper.

POL14. US foreign policy

Students will no longer have the option of being assessed via long essay for this paper. All assessments will be done via a three-hour essay examination, the structure of which will be the same as it was for 2017–18.

POL16. Law of peace: the law of emerging international constitutional order

The paper will consist of a three-hour written examination paper. Candidates may choose any one of five questions that will be offered. Three of these will be problem (case analysis) questions, and two will be essay questions.

Candidates should expect that each question may span more than one individual subject areas covered by the course.

POL17. Politics of Southeast Asia: democratisation and diversity

This paper will be assessed by either two long essays or a three-hour written paper. Candidates choosing the written paper option will be required to answer three questions from a choice of no less than nine, including questions on dynamics of democratization in Southeast Asia and questions on state formation and plural societies in Southeast Asia. The paper will be undivided.

POL21. China in the international order

There will be a three-hour unseen examination paper in the Easter Term, in which students will be required to answer three questions. Students will be expected to apply international relations theories in answering the questions.

 

Social Anthropology

SAN2. The foundations of social life

The examination will consist of a three-hour written examination paper containing between ten and fourteen questions. Candidates are asked to answer three questions. Candidates will be expected to demonstrate a range of ethnographic knowledge in their answers, and to show a depth of knowledge of some specific ethnographic examples.

SAN4. The anthropology of an ethnographic area

The examination will consist of a three-hour written examination paper containing between ten and fourteen questions. Candidates are asked to answer three questions. Candidates will be expected to demonstrate a range of ethnographic knowledge in their answers, and to show a depth of knowledge of some specific ethnographic examples.

SAN5. Ethical life and the anthropology of the subject

The examination will consist of a three-hour written examination paper containing between ten and fourteen questions. Candidates are asked to answer three questions. Candidates will be expected to demonstrate a range of ethnographic knowledge in their answers, and to show a depth of knowledge of some specific ethnographic examples.

SAN6. Power, economy, and social transformation

The examination will consist of a three-hour written examination paper containing between ten and fourteen questions. Candidates are asked to answer three questions. Candidates will be expected to demonstrate a range of ethnographic knowledge in their answers, and to show a depth of knowledge of some specific ethnographic examples.

SAN13. Gender, kinship, and care

The examination will consist of a three-hour written examination paper containing between ten and fourteen questions. Candidates are asked to answer three questions. Candidates will be expected to demonstrate a range of ethnographic knowledge in their answers, and to show a depth of knowledge of some specific ethnographic examples.

 

Sociology

SOC5 / CRIM2. Statistics and methods

This paper will be examined by one three-hour examination paper, divided into two sections, Part A and Part B. Candidates will be required to answer two questions from Part A, and one question from Part B. All questions are of equal value.

SOC8. Religion and contentious mobilization

This paper will be examined by one three-hour examination paper; candidates will be required to answer three questions.

SOC9. Global capitalism

This paper will be examined by one three-hour examination paper, divided into two sections. Candidates will be required to answer ten questions from Section A, and one question from Section B. Section A and Section B are each worth 50% of the final mark.

SOC12. Social problems in modern Britain

This paper will be examined by one three-hour examination paper; candidates will be required to answer three questions.

CRIM1. Foundations in criminology and criminal justice

This paper will be examined by one three-hour examination paper; candidates will be required to answer three questions.

CRIM3. Two essays on a criminology topic

This paper will be examined by two 5,000-word essays. Essays will be submitted in accordance with the published deadlines; essay topics are available in the paper guide or on the student website.

Economic Research for the M.Phil. Degree, 2018–19

The Faculty Board of Economics gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2019, the form of the following paper for the examination in Economic Research for the degree of Master of Philosophy will be as follows.

R100. Microeconomics

This is a new paper and will be examined by three compulsory questions, with each question carrying equal weight.

Economics for the M.Phil. Degree, 2018–19

The Faculty Board of Economics gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2019, the form of the following papers for the examination in Economics for the degree of Master of Philosophy will be as follows:

E100. Microeconomics

This is a new paper and will be examined by a one-and-a-half-hour examination where students are required to answer three compulsory questions, with each question carrying equal weight, and a 2,000-word project requiring students to answer one out of three questions. The examination paper is weighted at 70% and the project at 30%.

 

E201. Applied macroeconomics

Previously this paper was examined by a two-hour examination and a 3,000-word project.

The paper will now be a one-and-a-half-hour examination and a 3,000-word project. The examination is weighted at 70% and the project at 30%.

Finance and Economics for the M.Phil. Degree, 2018–19

The Faculty Board of Economics gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2019, the form of the following papers for the examination in Finance and Economics for the degree of Master of Philosophy will be as follows:

R100. Microeconomics

This is a new paper and will be examined by three compulsory questions, with each question carrying equal weight.

 

F500. Empirical finance

Previously this paper was examined by a sectioned paper requiring students to answer four compulsory questions in Section A, and two out of three questions in Section B.

This will be replaced by a 4,000-word project to be submitted at the beginning of the Easter Term.

 

F540. Topics in applied asset management

Previously this paper was examined by a sectioned paper requiring students to answer one compulsory question in Section A and two out of four questions in Section B.

This will be replaced by a 4,000-word project to be submitted at the end of the Lent Term.

Advanced Diploma in Economics, 2018–19

The Faculty Board of Economics gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2019, the form of the examinations for the following papers for the Advanced Diploma in Economics will be as follows:

Paper 2. Macroeconomics

Previously this paper was examined by a sectioned paper requiring students to answer five compulsory questions from Section A and one out of three multi-part questions from Section B, and one question out of five essay-based questions. Section A was weighted at 50%, and Sections B and C at 25%.

The sectioned paper will now require students to answer four compulsory questions from Section A and one out of three multi-part questions from Section B, and one question out of five essay-based questions. Section A will be weighted at 50%, and Sections B and C at 25%.

 

Paper 3. Econometrics

Previously this paper was examined by an unsectioned paper with students required to answer four out of seven questions, with three sub-parts for each question.

The paper will now be sectioned and require students to answer four questions in total, with at least one question from each section. There will be five questions set for Section A on Cross sections, and two questions set for Section B on Time series.