Skip to main contentCambridge University Reporter

No 6529

Wednesday 5 December 2018

Vol cxlix No 11

pp. 154–178

Form and conduct of examinations

Notices by Faculty Boards, or other bodies concerned, of changes to the form and conduct of certain examinations to be held in 2018–19, by comparison with those examinations in 2017–18, are published below. Complete details of the form and conduct of all examinations are available from the Faculties or Departments concerned.

Asian and Middle Eastern Studies Tripos, Parts Ib and II, 2019

The Faculty Board of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2019, and further to its Notices of 4, 11, and 18 July 2018 (Reporter, 2017–18, 6513, p. 761; 6514, p. 811; and 6515, p. 833), the form of examination for the following papers of Parts Ib and II of the Asian and Middle Eastern Studies Tripos will be as specified below:

Part Ib

East Asian Studies

C.7 History of dynastic China

This paper will consist of nine questions divided into three sections. Candidates are required to answer at least one question from each section. All questions will be of equal value.

J.6 Japanese history

This paper consists of three sections containing nine essay questions of which candidates will be required to attempt one from each section.

J.7 Literary Japanese

This paper is assessed by a two-hour examination in Easter Term, and two coursework assignments, to be handed in on the first Tuesday of Lent and Easter Term.

Each assignment will consist of translating an unseen pre-modern text, contextualizing it within its cultural context, and analyzing selected grammar patterns. For the first assignment, the text will be announced on the first day (Thursday) of the sixth week of Michaelmas Term. For the second assignment each student will be asked to identify a text of their choice and agree on it with the instructor by the first day (Thursday) of the sixth week of Lent Term.

The examination will consist of two sections. Section A will contain a passage of pre-modern Japanese chosen from the texts set as reading for the course (a ‘seen passage’) to be translated into English. Section B will contain a passage of unseen pre-modern Japanese to be translated into English.

The coursework assignments will together constitute 50% of the final grade and the examination will constitute 50% equally distributed between both sections.

Middle Eastern Studies

Middle Eastern Studies with a Modern Language

MES.14 Intermediate literary Arabic

This paper is assessed by a two-hour examination in Easter Term, and two coursework essays (of a maximum of 4,000 words, and minimum of 3,500 words, including footnotes and excluding bibliography), to be handed in on the first Tuesday of Lent and Easter Term. A choice of two essay questions will be announced on the first day (Thursday) of the sixth week of Michaelmas and Lent Terms.

The examination will consist of two sections. Section A will contain a passage of Arabic chosen from the texts set as reading for the course (a ‘seen passage’) to be translated into English. Section B will contain a passage of unseen Arabic to be translated into English.

The coursework essays will together constitute 50% of the final grade, and the examination will constitute 50% equally distributed between both sections.

MES.18 Topics in Hebrew studies

This paper will be divided into two sections. Section A will contain six questions on pre-modern Jewish literature and Section B will contain six questions on Modern Hebrew culture. Candidates must choose one section and answer three of the six questions in that section. All questions will carry equal marks.

Part II

Middle Eastern Studies

Middle Eastern Studies with a Modern Language

MES.34 Advanced literary Arabic

This paper is assessed by a two-hour examination in Easter Term, and two coursework essays (of a maximum of 4,000 words, and minimum of 3,500 words, including footnotes and excluding bibliography), to be handed in on the first Tuesday of Lent and Easter Term. A choice of two essay questions will be announced on the first day (Thursday) of the sixth week of Michaelmas and Lent Terms.

The examination will consist of two sections. Section A will contain a passage of Arabic chosen from the texts set as reading for the course (a ‘seen passage’) to be translated into English. Section B will contain a passage of unseen Arabic to be translated into English.

The coursework essays will together constitute 50% of the final grade, and the examination will constitute 50% equally distributed between both sections.

Chemical Engineering Tripos, Part IIa, 2019

The Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Syndicate gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2019, the form of the examination for Part IIa of the Chemical Engineering Tripos will be changed as follows:

Paper 1

The rubric will read ‘Answer all questions’.

Section A will contain three questions on Fluid mechanics.

Section B will contain two questions on Equilibrium thermodynamics.

Paper 2

The rubric will read ‘Answer all questions’.

Section A will contain two questions on Separations.

Section B will contain two questions on Heterogeneous reactors.

Section C will contain one question on Bioprocessing.

Paper 3

The rubric will read ‘Answer all questions’.

Section A will contain two questions on Process dynamics and control.

Section B will contain two questions on Corrosion and materials.

Section C will contain one question on Safety, health, and environment.

Paper 4

The rubric will read ‘Answer all questions’.

The paper will contain one question on each of the following topics: Radiative heat transfer; Particle processing; Process synthesis; Partial differential equations; and Statistics.

Candidates will be allowed ten minutes’ reading time at the start of each examination.

All other parts of the examination remain unchanged.

Computer Science Tripos, Parts Ib and II, 2019

The Faculty Board of Computer Science and Technology gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2019, the form of the examination for the following papers for the Computer Science Tripos will be changed as follows:

Part Ib

Paper 7 (new regulations), will contain two questions on Economics, law, and ethics instead of one, and two questions on Formal models of language instead of one. Candidates will be expected to answer five questions.

Part II

Paper 7 (old regulations) has been withdrawn. Part II students who have not offered Paper 7 (new regulations) in Part Ib must offer it in Part II. In addition to the questions set for Part Ib, there will be one question on Digital signal processing for Part II students only. Candidates will be expected to answer five questions.

Paper 8 will contain 13 questions. These will include one question on each of the following: Advanced algorithms; Bioinformatics; Cryptography; Hoare logic; and Model checking and information theory. There will not be a question on: Advanced graphics; Computer system modelling; Digital signal processing; Information retrieval; Quantum computing; Security II; or System on chip design. Candidates will be expected to answer five questions.

Paper 9 will contain 14 questions. These will include one question on each of the following: Business studies; Comparative architectures; Cryptography; and Quantum computing. There will not be a question on: Computer system modelling; Digital signal processing; Natural language processing; System on chip design; or Topical issues. Candidates will be expected to answer five questions.

Part II students who offered Paper 7 (new regulations) in Part Ib should offer two of the following units of assessment: Cloud computing; Data science: principles and practice; Metaprogramming; Multicore semantics and programming; Natural language processing; Advanced graphics and image processing; Digital signal processing; Computer music; Mobile robot systems; Probability and computation; or Topics in concurrency.

All other papers remain unchanged. Students are referred to the Faculty website at: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/teaching/exams/ for further details.

Engineering Tripos, 2019

The Faculty Board of Engineering gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2019, the form of the examinations for certain papers of the Engineering Tripos will be changed as follows:

Part Ia

Paper 4. Mathematical methods

The short questions in this year’s examination paper will be in a multiple choice format. For each part of each short question candidates will be asked to choose one option which they consider to be correct.

Section A will comprise the eight short questions. Sections B and C will each comprise two long questions. All other details of the examination remain unchanged.

Part Ib

Paper 8. Selected topics

Candidates will be required to answer all parts of question 1 from Section A. All other details of the examination remain unchanged.

Part IIa

3M1. Mathematical methods

Candidates will be required to answer all three set questions. All other details of the examination remain unchanged.

4D16. Construction management

The examination will consist of a one-and-a-half-hour written examination. Candidates will be asked to answer not more than three questions from a choice of five.

Part IIb

4B22. Flexible and stretchable electronics

This paper was previously known as Flexible electronics. All other details of the examination remain unchanged.

4C3. Advanced functional materials and devices

This paper was previously known as Electrical and nano materials. Candidates will be expected to answer not more than three out of four questions. All other details of the examination remain unchanged.

4D16. Construction management

The examination will consist of a one-and-a-half-hour written examination. Candidates will be asked to answer not more than three questions from a choice of five.

4F3. An optimisation based approach to control

This paper was previously known as Optimal and predictive control. The examination will consist of a one-and-a-half-hour written examination. Candidates will be asked to answer not more than three questions from a choice of four.

4F5. Advanced information theory and coding

This paper was previously known as Advanced communications and coding. All other details of the examination remain unchanged.

4G6. Cellular and molecular biomechanics

The examination will consist of a one-and-a-half-hour written examination. Candidates will be asked to answer not more than three questions from a choice of four.

Full details of the examination requirements, including the project, coursework, and examination credit notices for each Part, can be found on the Department of Engineering’s undergraduate teaching website: http://teaching.eng.cam.ac.uk/.

English Tripos, Part II, 2019

The Faculty Board of English gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2019, the form and conduct of the examination for the following paper in Part II of the English Tripos will be changed as follows:

Part II

Paper 13. Postcolonial and related literatures

The paper will be divided into two sections.

Section A will consist of passages for comment.

Section B will consist of essay questions, enabling comparison between texts from different regions.

The primary scope of the paper is literature in English from outside Britain and the United States of America. In relation to matters of Empire, reference to British, American, foreign language texts, and the literatures of migrancy and immigration are allowed. Answering on texts in translation is permitted.

The rubric will read:

Answer Section A and two questions from Section B.

At least one of your answers in Section B must include substantial discussion of two or more authors.

In questions where a quotation is attributed to an author or country, candidates are not obliged to refer to that author or country in their answer unless specifically required to do so.

History and Modern Languages Tripos, Parts Ia and Ib, 2019

(Statutes and Ordinances, p. 343)

The Faculty Board of Modern and Medieval Languages gives notice that, with effect from the examination to be held in 2019, the form of the examination for the following papers for the History and Modern Languages Tripos will be as specified below. The Faculty Board is satisfied that no student’s preparation for the examination will be adversely affected by these changes.

Parts Ia and Ib

History

Paper 14. European history, c. 900–c. 1450

There will be one three-hour examination. Candidates will be required to answer three questions.

Part Ib

Modern Languages

Fr.6. Innovation and upheaval: deformation and reformulation in the 20th and 21st centuries (also serves as Paper 10E of Part I of the English Tripos)

The rubric for this paper was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action and will revert to its original format.

Candidates will be required to answer three questions, one from each section.

Candidates for this paper may not draw substantially on material which they have used or intend to use in another scheduled paper. Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material for more than one question on the same paper.

Pg.3. Introduction to the language, literatures, and cultures of the Portuguese-speaking world

The language element of this paper, examined in Paper Pg.3L, has been altered so as to lengthen the duration of the examination to two hours. All other elements of the examination are unchanged.

The cultural element of this paper, examined in Paper Pg.3C, was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action and will revert to its original format.

Candidates for Pg.3C will be required to answer two questions. Candidates will be required to cover material from at least two Portuguese-speaking countries and two media (literature/film/art) in their answers. Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material in more than question on the same paper.

Sl.6. Russian culture after 1953

The rubric for this paper was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action and will revert to its original format.

Candidates will be required to answer three questions, one from Section A and two from Section B.

In Section A, candidates will be required to answer one out of three questions. Questions relate to two set texts. Questions will include an essay question on text, a commentary on another text, and a comparative essay on both texts.

In Section B, candidates must ensure that both answers refer substantively to at least one written text.

Candidates may not draw substantially on material from their dissertations or material which they have used or intend to use in another scheduled paper. Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material in more than one question on the same paper.

Sp.3. Medieval Iberia, early modern Spain, and Latin America

Candidates will be required to answer three questions. Candidates may not answer more than one commentary question (i.e. questions marked with an asterisk).

Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material for more than one answer.

The topic on Screening the text will be replaced by a topic on Race, place, and society.

Sp.4. Modern Spanish culture and history

Candidates will be required to answer three questions. Candidates will be required to answer one question from Section A and two questions from Sections B, C, and D with no more than one question from any section.

Essays may be written either in English or Spanish, using only one language for each individual response.

Candidates may refer to literary texts, films, or other works of art in their answer, but should refer to at least two works in any one answer. Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material for more than one answer.

Sections will be renamed as follows:

Section A – (Post-) Imperial fictions

Section B – The darker side of modernity

Section C – España invertebrada

Section D – From dictatorship to democracy

Law Tripos, 2018–19

The Faculty Board of Law gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2018–19, the form and/or conduct of the examination for the following papers for the Law Tripos will be changed as follows:

Paper 11. Constitutional law

Candidates are permitted to take Blackstone’s Statutes on Public Law and Human Rights (any edition) or Palgrave Macmillan Core Statutes on Public Law and Civil Liberties (any edition) and the Faculty’s Materials on Constitutional Law (2018–19) into the examination.

Paper 30. Civil law II

The paper will contain no fewer than eight questions of which candidates will be required to attempt any four.

Paper 37. Jurisprudence

The paper will contain no fewer than eight questions of which candidates will be required to attempt any four.

Paper 45. Intellectual property

Candidates are permitted to take Blackstone’s Statutes on Intellectual Property (any edition) and the Faculty’s Materials on Intellectual Property (if produced) into the examination.

Paper 46. Company law

Candidates are permitted to take Blackstone’s Statutes on Company Law (latest edition) or Palgrave Macmillan Core Statutes on Company Law (latest edition) into the examination.

All other parts of the examination remain unchanged.

Linguistics Tripos, Parts IIa and IIb, 2019

(Statutes and Ordinances, p. 374)

The Faculty Board of Modern and Medieval Languages gives notice that, with effect from the examination to be held in 2019, the form of the examination for the following papers for the Linguistics Tripos will be as specified below. The Faculty Board is satisfied that no student’s preparation for the examination will be adversely affected by these changes.

Parts IIa and IIb

SECTION C

Paper 9. Syntax (also serves as Paper Li.9 of the Modern and Medieval Languages Tripos)

The rubric for this paper was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action but will not revert to its original format.

All candidates for this paper will be required to answer any three questions.

Candidates may not use substantially the same material in more than one question.

Paper 15. First and second language acquisition (also serves as Paper Li.15 of the Modern and Medieval Languages Tripos)

The rubric for this paper was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action and will revert to its original format.

Candidates will be required to answer three questions, including at least one question from each section.

Candidates may not use substantially the same material in more than one answer.

The number of questions in Section A will be two. Both questions will be data questions.

The number of questions in Section B will remain unchanged (six). All questions will be essay questions.

Modern and Medieval Languages Tripos, 2019

(Statutes and Ordinances, p. 390)

The Faculty Board of Modern and Medieval Languages gives notice that, with effect from the examination to be held in 2019, the form of the examination for the following papers for the Modern and Medieval Languages Tripos will be as specified below. The Faculty Board is satisfied that no student’s preparation for the examination will be adversely affected by these changes.

Part Ia

SCHEDULE B

Portuguese

Pg.1. Introduction to the language, literatures, and cultures of Portuguese-speaking countries (also serves as Paper 10L of Part I of the English Tripos)

A change to this paper is introduced in order to ensure that candidates demonstrate knowledge from all historical periods covered, including the colonial and early modern periods. The content of the exam has not been altered.

Candidates will be required to answer three questions.

Candidates must answer one question from Section A and two questions from Sections B, C, or D, but no more than one question from each section. Candidates must not draw substantially on the same material for more than one answer. Answers to Section D must be completed in a separate answer book.

Part Ib

SCHEDULE B

French

Fr.6. Innovation and upheaval: deformation and reformulation in the 20th and 21st centuries (also serves as Paper 10E of Part I of the English Tripos)

The rubric for this paper was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action and will revert to its original format.

Candidates will be required to answer three questions, one from each section.

Candidates for this paper may not draw substantially on material which they have used or intend to use in another scheduled paper. Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material for more than one question on the same paper.

Portuguese

Pg.1. Introduction to the language, literatures, and cultures of Portuguese-speaking countries (also serves as Paper 10L of Part I of the English Tripos)

A change to this paper is introduced in order to ensure that candidates demonstrate knowledge from all historical periods covered, including the colonial and early modern periods. The content of the exam has not been altered.

Candidates will be required to answer three questions.

Candidates must answer one question from Section A and two questions from Sections B, C, or D, but no more than one question from each section.

Candidates must not draw substantially on the same material for more than one answer. Answers to Section D must be completed in a separate answer book.

Pg.3. Introduction to the language, literatures, and cultures of the Portuguese-speaking world

The language element of this paper, examined in Paper Pg.3L, has been altered so as to lengthen the duration of the examination to two hours. All other elements of the examination are unchanged.

The cultural element of this paper, examined in Paper Pg.3C, was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action and will revert to its original format.

Candidates for Pg.3C will be required to answer two questions. Candidates will be required to cover material from at least two Portuguese-speaking countries and two media (literature/film/art) in their answers. Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material in more than question on the same paper.

Slavonic Studies

Sl.6. Russian culture after 1953

The rubric for this paper was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action and will revert to its original format.

Candidates will be required to answer three questions, one from Section A and two from Section B.

In Section A, candidates will be required to answer one out of three questions. Questions relate to two set texts. Questions will include an essay question on text, a commentary on another text and a comparative essay on both texts.

In Section B, candidates must ensure that both answers refer substantively to at least one written text.

Candidates may not draw substantially on material from their dissertations or material which they have used or intend to use in another scheduled paper. Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material in more than one question on the same paper.

Spanish

Sp.3. Medieval Iberia, early modern Spain, and Latin America

Candidates will be required to answer three questions. Candidates may not answer more than one commentary question (i.e. questions marked with an asterisk).

Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material for more than one answer.

The topic on Screening the text will be replaced by a topic on Race, place, and society.

Sp.4. Modern Spanish culture and history

Candidates will be required to answer three questions. Candidates will be required to answer one question from Section A and two questions from Sections B, C, and D with no more than one question from any section.

Essays may be written either in English or Spanish, using only one language for each individual response.

Candidates may refer to literary texts, films, or other works of art in their answer, but should refer to at least two works in any one answer. Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material for more than one answer.

Sections will be renamed as follows:

Section A – (Post-) Imperial fictions

Section B – The darker side of modernity

Section C – España invertebrada

Section D – From dictatorship to democracy

SCHEDULE Ib

It.2. Structures and varieties of Italian

This paper will be available for examination by long essay from Tripos 2019 in accordance with Regulation 23. There will be four questions set each term. Students will be required to answer one question per term. Students may not draw substantially on the same material in more than one long essay for the same paper.

Part II

SCHEDULE B

French

Fr.11. Gender, desire, and power in 19th century French culture (also serves as Paper 38 of Part II of the English Tripos)

The rubric for this paper was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action but will not revert to its original format.

Candidates will be required to answer three questions, one from each section.

Answers to questions in Section A must refer to at least three of the texts studied for this paper.

Fr.14. A special topic in French Studies (A): Theatre: theory and practice, 1600–2000

The rubric for this paper was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action and will revert to its original format.

Candidates will be required to answer three questions, one from each section. One, and only one, of the three questions answered must be a commentary.

Candidates for this paper may not draw substantially on material from their dissertations or material which they have used or intend to use in another scheduled paper. Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material in more than one question on the same paper.

German

Ge.9. German literature, thought, and history from 1815 to 1914

Candidates will be required to answer three questions, at least one question to be taken from each section. Separate booklets must be used for each section.

Candidates for this paper may not draw substantially on material from their dissertations or material which they have used or intend to use in another scheduled paper. Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material in more than one question on the same paper.

The term ‘German’, as used in this paper, should, where the context permits, be understood to include reference to the German-speaking territories in general.

The format of Section B will be adjusted to align with the format of Section A. Each question will have only two parts. This will give candidates greater choice in the history and thought topics they answer.

Ge.11. History of the German language (also serves as Paper 22 of the Linguistics Tripos)

The rubric for this paper was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action and will revert to its original format.

Candidates will be required to answer three questions. Candidates may not answer more than two commentary questions.

Candidates for this paper may not draw substantially on material from their dissertations or material which they have used or intend to use in another scheduled paper. Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material in more than one question on the same paper.

Ibero-Lusophone Studies

IL.1. Ibero-American cinema

The rubric for this paper was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action and will revert to its original format.

Candidates will be required to answer three questions. Each answer must show knowledge from two or more countries.

Scripts as a whole must show knowledge of cinema from two or more of the paper’s specified language areas (Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan) and at least two of the paper’s specified regions (Europe, Latin America, Africa).

Candidates for this paper may not draw substantially on material from their dissertations or material which they have used or intend to use in another scheduled paper. Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material in more than one question on the same paper.

Linguistics

Li.9. Syntax (Paper 9 of the Linguistics Tripos)

The rubric for this paper was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action but will not revert to its original format.

All candidates for this paper will be required to answer any three questions.

Candidates may not use substantially the same material in more than one question.

Li.15. First and second language acquisition (Paper 15 of the Linguistics Tripos)

The rubric for this paper was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action and will revert to its original format.

Candidates will be required to answer three questions, including at least one question from each section.

Candidates may not use substantially the same material in more than one answer.

The number of questions in Section A will be two. Both questions will be data questions.

The number of questions in Section B will remain unchanged (six). All questions will be essay questions.

Portuguese

Pg.3. Introduction to the language, literatures, and cultures of the Portuguese-speaking world

The language element of this paper, examined in Paper Pg.3L, has been altered so as to lengthen the duration of the examination to two hours. All other elements of the examination are unchanged.

The cultural element of this paper, examined in Paper Pg.3C, was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action and will revert to its original format.

Candidates for Pg.3C will be required to answer two questions. Candidates will be required to cover material from at least two Portuguese-speaking countries and two media (literature/film/art) in their answers. Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material in more than question on the same paper.

Slavonic Studies

Sl.6. Russian culture after 1953

The rubric for this paper was adjusted for Tripos 2018 as a result of industrial action and will revert to its original format.

Candidates will be required to answer three questions, one from Section A and two from Section B.

In Section A, candidates will be required to answer one out of three questions. Questions relate to two set texts. Questions will include an essay question on text, a commentary on another text and a comparative essay on both texts.

In Section B, candidates must ensure that both answers refer substantively to at least one written text.

Candidates may not draw substantially on material from their dissertations or material which they have used or intend to use in another scheduled paper. Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material in more than one question on the same paper.

Spanish

Sp.14. Frontiers: Medieval Spanish literature and culture

The title of this paper has been changed. The rubric of the examination is unchanged.

Candidates will be required to answer three questions, at least one from each section. Candidates may not answer more than one commentary question (i.e. questions marked with an asterisk).

Candidates for this paper may not draw substantially on material from their dissertations or material which they have used or intend to use in another scheduled paper. Candidates may not draw substantially on the same material in more than one question on the same paper.

Philosophy Tripos, Part Ia, 2019

The Faculty Board of Philosophy gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2019, the form of the examinations for certain papers for the Philosophy Tripos will be changed as follows:

Part Ia

Paper 3. Meaning

There will be one three-hour examination paper and candidates are asked to answer three questions out of at least ten set.

The rubric will read: ‘Answer three questions only.

Paper 5. Formal methods

There will be one paper of two-hours’ duration, worth 1/9 of the total marks at Part Ia.

The paper will be divided into two sections. Candidates are asked to answer all five questions in Section A and two out of four questions in Section B. Section A is worth 45 marks and Section B is worth 40 marks.

The rubric will read:

Answer all questions in Section A. Each question in Section A is worth 9 marks, out of a total of 45 marks.

Answer two questions from Section B. Each question in Section B is worth 20 marks, out of a total of 40 marks.’

All other papers remain unchanged.

Full details of the Philosophy Tripos can be found at https://www.phil.cam.ac.uk/curr-students/IA/GtC.

Theology, Religion, and Philosophy of Religion Tripos

(Statutes and Ordinances, p. 424)

The Faculty Board of Divinity gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2019, the form of the examination for the following papers will be changed as follows:

GROUP A

Paper A1d. Qur’anic Arabic

Candidates will be required to translate four passages from Arabic, giving linguistic comment where instructed, and to translate four sentences from English into Arabic. The sentences for translation will be designed to test knowledge of common grammatical forms.

Paper A2. David: Israel’s greatest hero?

This paper will be assessed by a three-hour written examination. Candidates will be required to provide an exegesis of two out of five passages from the prescribed texts, and answer three questions from Sections A and B with at least one question from each section. Section A will consist of six questions on the literature, sources, and themes of the story of David in 1–2 Samuel. Section B will consist of six questions on both the archaeological, historical, social, and religious context of the story of David and on the development of the David tradition in the rest of the Old Testament.

Paper A4. Christianity and the transformation of culture

This paper will be assessed by a three-hour written examination. The examination will be in two sections. Candidates will be expected to spend two hours on Section A and an hour on Section B. The sections are designed respectively to test knowledge of issues, sources, and historiography; and the ability to write an analytical essay on the basis of that knowledge.

GROUP B

Paper B1d. Qur’anic Arabic

The examination will consist of a three-hour written paper. Candidates will be required to translate one out of two passages from the Qur’an, commenting on specified words and concepts, and three out of four passages from the remaining texts, to point one out of two passages, selected from any of the prescribed passages, and to translate one short passage from English into Arabic.

Paper B13. Theology and literature

The paper will be assessed by two long essays, each not more than 5,000 words, on two topics chosen by candidates from a list published by the Examiners. Suggested topics for essays will be found on the paper Moodle page from the beginning of the Michaelmas Term in the year in which the paper is taught. The first essay (on the material read during Michaelmas Term) is due in the first week of Easter Term, and the second essay (on the material read in Lent Term) is due in the third week of Easter Term.

Paper C11. Truth, God, and metaphysics

This paper will be examined by a three-hour paper, containing 15 questions, with two either/or essay choices for each lecture topic. Candidates will be required to answer three questions in all.

GROUP D

Paper D1a. Old Testament

The paper will be assessed through two essays, of 5,000 words each. The first should execute a critical analysis of one particular work, while the second should offer a synthetic, comparative inquiry. Specific topics will be chosen by the candidate in consultation with the paper co-ordinator and in accordance with the provisions of Regulation 20.

Paper D1d. The Doctrine of God

The assessment will consist of the submission of two essays, each of no more than 5,000 words in length, on topics chosen by the candidates from the list on the website.

Master of Business Administration, Lent Term 2019

The Faculty Board of Business and Management gives notice that in the Lent Term 2019 of academical year 2018–19 the subjects for examination for the degree of Master of Business Administration will be as listed below. The method of examination is shown for each subject.

12. Option A: one-year course

12. (b) Elective modules

Lent Term 2019

Subject

Form of assessment

MBA83 Behavioural finance

Individual assignment – 3,000 words (100%)

MBA126 Building a customer aligned organization

Individual assignment – 3,000 words (100%)

MBA120 Cambridge Creativity Lab

Group presentation – 10 minutes, deck of 10 slides (100%)

MBA40 Creative arts and media management

Group assignment – 3,000 words (100%)

MBA79 Digital marketing

Group presentation – deck of 20 slides (100%)

MBA52 Doing good well: leading social innovation for local and global impact

Group presentation – 15 minutes’ presentation, deck of 20 slides, 1,500-word write-up (100%)

MBA41 Energy and emissions markets and policies

Individual class participation (20%); individual assignment – 2,500 words (80%)

MBA111 How to think strategically – an exercise in game theory

Individual assignment – 3,000 words (100%)

MBA122 International business

Individual assignment – 3,000 words (80%); class participation (20%)

MBA85 Introduction to options, futures, and other derivatives

2-hour in-class test (100%)

MBA125 Leadership in organizations

Individual assignment – 3,000 words (100%)

MBA81 Leading effective projects

Individual assignment – 3,000 words (100%)

MBA110 Managing big data analysis

Individual assignment – 3,000 words (100%)

MBA14 Managing innovation strategically

Individual assignment – 2,000 words (80%); individual class participation (20%)

MBA96 Marketing and innovation in emerging economies

Individual assignment – 1,500 words (100%)

MBA58 New venture finance

Individual class participation (20%); group presentation – 15 minutes, deck of 20 slides, 2,000-word write-up (80%)

MBA27 Philosophy of business

Individual assignment – 3,000 words (100%).

MBA103 Risk management and strategic planning

Individual assignment – 2,000 words (80%); individual class participation (20%)

MBA107 Strategic pricing

Group presentation – 15 minutes, deck of 20 slides (100%)

MBA114 Sustainable business

Individual presentation – 10 minutes, deck of 15 slides, 2,000 words (100%)

MBA78 Topics in financial statement analysis

Individual assignment – 3,000 words (100%)

MFIN16 Topics in investment management (open to M.B.A.)

Group assignment – 3,000 words (50%); 1.5-hour in‑class test (50%)

12. Option B: Executive M.B.A. course

2017–19 Class

12. (b) Elective modules

Lent Term 2019

EMBA24 Fast strategy, intrapreneurship, and business instinct

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA26 Philosophy of business

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA39 Strategic change and renewal

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA40 Project finance: innovative techniques in valuing and raising financing for large scale projects

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA42 Consumer behaviour

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA44 Entrepreneurship and new venture creation

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA45 From the savannah to the boardroom: the evolutionary roots of decisions and leadership

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA53 How to think strategically

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA54 Entrepreneurial finance

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA55 Leading effective projects: a managerial perspective

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA56 Managing big data analysis

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA57 Building a customer aligned organization

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA60 The effective director

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA61 Creative arts and media management

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA62 Complex financial transactions: structure, valuation, and impact on the corporation

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA63 Design thinking and innovation

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA64 Strategies in disruptive technological environments

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA65 Ecosystem entrepreneurship

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA68 Financial market analysis and trading

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA69 Brexit, Trump, and the backlash against globalization: why the international economic system is at risk

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA70 Deep dive into fourth Industrial Revolution: how it will trigger the emergence of new business models

Individual assignment (100%)

EMBA71 Behavioural finance: psychological insights into financial markets and organizations

Individual assignment (100%)

2018–20 Class

12. (b) Elective modules

Lent Term 2018

None

Correction

The Faculty Board of Business and Management gives notice of a correction to the list of subjects for the M.B.A. Degree 2018–19 that was published on 18 July 2018 (Reporter, 6515, 2017–18, p. 826) as follows:

In the Lent Term 2019 list of compulsory modules, the module MBA11: Marketing, will be examined 100% by a one-and-a-half-hour examination, plus 15 minutes’ reading time. There will be no group assignment for this module.

The Faculty Board is satisfied that no candidate’s preparation for the examination in 2019 will be adversely affected by this change.

Master of Finance (M.Fin.), Lent Term 2019

The Faculty Board of Business and Management gives notice that in the Lent Term 2019 the subjects for examination for the degree of Master of Finance will be as listed below. The method of examination is shown for each subject.

No written papers offered in Lent Term

Group 1 – core subjects

MFIN39 Fundamentals of credit

2-hour in-class test (60%) and case study (40%)

MFIN3 Econometrics

2-hour mid-term test (40%); 2-hour final test (60%)

MFIN5 Management lecture series

Seminar, assessed by attendance

MFIN22 Management practice

Seminar, assessed by attendance

MFIN23 City speaker series

Seminar, assessed by attendance

Group 2 – specialist subjects

MFIN49 Advanced financial accounting

2-hour in-class test (80%); group project – max. 8 pages (20%)

MFIN16 Topics in investment management (open to M.B.A.)

Group assignment – max. 3,000 words (50%); 1.5-hour in-class test (50%)

MFIN19 Private equity

Four individual assignments – max. 2,500 words each (40% in total); two group projects – max. 2,500 words each (30%); 1-hour individual in-class quiz (30%)

MFIN34 Advanced corporate finance

Group project – max. 8 pages (50%); 3-hour in-class test (50%)

MF1N14 Fixed income analysis (open to M.Phil. Finance)

Individual essay – max. 2,500 words (50%); group assignment – max. of 2,500 words (50%)

MFIN20 Risk management

Individual essay – max. 2,000 words (100%)

MFIN52 The circular economy

Individual assignment – max. 2,500 words (50%); group assignment – max. 2,500 words (50%)

MFIN27 Mergers and acquisitions

1-hour in-class test (40%); group case write-up – max. 2,500 words (40%); group presentation (20%)

MBA58 New venture finance

Group presentation – 15 minutes, deck of 20 slides, 2,000-word write-up (80%); individual class participation (20%)

MBA83 Behavioural finance

Individual assignment – 3,000 words (100%)

Projects

MFIN24 Equity research project

Group presentation (50%); report – max. 2,500 words (50%)

Master of Law (LL.M.), 2018–19

The Faculty Board of Law gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2018–19, the form and/or conduct of the examination for the following papers for the degree of Master of Law (LL.M.) will be changed as follows:

Paper 1. Law, medicine, and life sciences

The paper will contain no fewer than eight questions. The questions will not be divided into parts (unlike previous years). Candidates taking the three-hour paper will be required to attempt any three questions. Candidates taking the two-hour paper will be required to attempt any two questions.

Paper 2. International commercial tax

The paper will contain no fewer than six questions of which candidates will be required to attempt any three.

It is an open book examination. In addition to the other permitted materials, candidates may use their own copies of any materials prepared by them (including any material copied without breach of copyright), any materials supplied to the class by the lecturers, and any monolingual or bilingual dictionary (except electronic dictionaries and specialized legal dictionaries). Candidates may also use Materials on International and EU Tax Law (K. van Raad (ed.)) (any edition) and the Faculty’s Materials on International Commercial Tax.

Paper 7. Corporate insolvency law

The paper will contain four questions of which candidates will be required to attempt all questions set. The thesis option will not be offered for this paper.

It is an open book examination. In addition to the other permitted materials, candidates may use their own copies of any materials prepared by them (including any material copied without breach of copyright), any materials supplied to the class by the lecturers, and any monolingual or bilingual dictionary (except electronic dictionaries and specialized legal dictionaries). Candidates may also use Butterworths Company Law Handbook (any edition) or Blackstone’s Statutes on Company Law (any edition) or Palgrave Macmillan Core Statutes on Company Law (any edition) or Routledge Company Law Statutes (any edition) or Palgrave Macmillan Core Statutes on Insolvency Law and Corporate Rescue.

Paper 15. International environmental law

The paper will contain no fewer than six questions of which candidates will be required to attempt any three.

It is an open book examination. In addition to the other permitted materials, candidates may use their own copies of any materials prepared by them (including any material copied without breach of copyright), any materials supplied to the class by the lecturers, and any monolingual or bilingual dictionary (except electronic dictionaries and specialized legal dictionaries). Candidates may also use Blackstone’s International Law (any edition), Blackstone’s Environmental Law (any edition), International Environmental Law and Policy Treatment Supplement by D. Hunter, J. Salzman, D. Zaelke (any edition) and the Faculty’s Materials for International Environmental Law.

Paper 18. EU external relations

The paper will contain no fewer than six questions of which candidates will be required to attempt any three.

It is an open book examination. In addition to the other permitted materials, candidates may use their own copies of any materials prepared by them (including any material copied without breach of copyright), any materials supplied to the class by the lecturers, and any monolingual or bilingual dictionary (except electronic dictionaries and specialized legal dictionaries). Candidates may also use the Faculty’s Materials for EU External Relations.

Paper 22. Advanced labour law

The paper will contain no fewer than six questions of which candidates will be required to attempt any three.

Candidates are not permitted to take any materials into the examination other than any monolingual or bilingual dictionary (except electronic dictionaries and specialized legal dictionaries).

Paper 24. International criminal law

The paper will be divided into two sections and will contain no fewer than eight questions. Candidates will be required to attempt three questions of which at least one question must be taken from Section A and at least one question from Section B.

It is an open book examination. In addition to the other permitted materials, candidates may use their own copies of any materials prepared by them (including any material copied without breach of copyright), any materials supplied to the class by the lecturers, and any monolingual or bilingual dictionary (except electronic dictionaries and specialized legal dictionaries). Candidates may also use Blackstone’s International Law Documents (any edition).

All other parts of the examination remain unchanged.

Master of Corporate Law (M.C.L.), 2018–19

The Faculty Board of Law gives notice that, with effect from the examinations to be held in 2018–19, the form and/or conduct of the examination for the following papers for the degree of Master of Corporate Law (M.C.L.) will be changed as follows:

Paper M2D. Corporate taxation

The paper will contain no fewer than four questions of which candidates will be required to attempt any two.

The paper is an open book examination but no further materials are prescribed.

All other parts of the examination remain unchanged.

Finance for the M.Phil. Degree, 2018–19

The Degree Committee for the Faculty of Business and Management gives notice that, in the academical year 2018–19, the subjects for the examination in Finance for the degree of Master of Philosophy will be as listed below. The method of examination is shown for each subject.

Group 1 (six compulsory subjects)

(1)

MF5A

Corporate finance I [one three-hour class test]

(2)

MF6A

Asset pricing I [one three-hour class test (80%), plus written problem set consisting of four questions (20%)]

(3) either

MF5B

Corporate finance II [one three-hour class test (50%), 1,000-word written referee report (25%), presentation (15%), and class participation (10%)]

      or

MF6B

Asset pricing II [one three-hour class test (80%), plus written problem set consisting of four questions (20%)]

(4) either

SMO6

Fundamentals of competitive markets [one two-hour class test]

      or

R100

Microeconomics [two-hour written examination]

Either

    (5)

E300

Econometric methods [two-hour written examination] and

    (6)

R301A

Advanced econometrics II: time series [two-hour written examination] or

    (7)

R301B

Advanced econometrics II: cross-section and panel data [two-hour written examination]

Or

    (5)

MP01

Econometrics I [two three-hour class tests] and

    (6)

MP01A

Econometrics II [two three-hour class tests]

Group 2 (three optional subjects to be chosen)

MF1

Topics in accounting [one two-hour class test]

MF10

How to do finance

[two written referee reports (75%), class participation (15%), attendance (10%)]

SMO8

Game theory and information economics [one-term paper of up to 2,500 words (70%) and class presentation (30%)]

S140

Behavioural economics [two-hour written examination]

S150

Economics of networks [two-hour written examination]

S170

Industrial organization [two-hour written examination]

MFin14

Fixed income [TBC: as per M.Fin. Notice to be published in Lent Term 2019]

MFin35

Further econometrics [TBC: as per M.Fin. Notice to be published in Lent Term 2019]

Papers from Mathematical Tripos, Part III

202

Stochastic calculus and application [one three-hour written examination]

205

Advanced financial models [one three-hour written examination]

216

Numerical solution of differential equations [one three-hour written examination]

Innovation, Strategy, and Organization for the M.Phil. Degree, 2018–19

The Degree Committee for the Faculty of Business and Management gives notice that in the academical year 2018–19, the subjects for the examination in Innovation, Strategy, and Organization for the degree of Master of Philosophy will be as listed below. The method of examination is shown for each subject.

Group 1 – compulsory subjects

Either

ISO-4

Statistical concepts for management researchers

[1,000-word assignment (80%) and half-hour seminar presentation (20%)]

or

MPO-1

Econometrics I [two 3-hour tests]

MPO-2

Qualitative research methods

[answer five research exercises of no more than 1,000 words each]

ISO1

Information systems, innovation, and organizational change

[2,500-word essay (65%), 20-minute seminar presentation (10%), plus group facilitation: leading and facilitating discussion of a research theme during the course (25%)]

ISO2

Organizations and strategic innovation

[3,000-word essay (70%) and half-hour seminar group presentation (30%)]

ISO3

Organizations theory

[3,000-word essay (70%) and half-hour seminar group presentation (30%)]

Group 2 – optional papers

ISO5

Individual research project [4,000-word essay]

ISOE7

Seminar in strategy process [individual paper and response letter of 12,500 words (max. 25 pages) (50%), review paper of 1,000 words (two, single-spaced pages) (20%), leading discussion (15%), plus in‑class participation (15%)]

ISOE8

Organizational research methods [5,000-word essay (90%) and class participation (10%)]

ISOE9

Field research in an era of grand challenges [4,000-word essay (100%)]

ISOE10

Marketing strategy [3,500-word essay (70%), 20-minute individual presentation (20%), and class participation (10%)]

ISOE11

Consumer behaviour [3,000-word essay (60%), idea paper of 1,000 words (30%), plus class participation (10%)]

SMO2

Introduction to operations and technology management research

[participation in discussion (15%), homework assignment up to 2,000 words (50%), and paper on research opportunities up to 3,000 words (35%)]

SMO6

Fundamentals of competitive markets [one two-hour class test (100%)]

Management for the M.Phil. Degree, 2018–19

The Degree Committee for the Faculty of Business and Management gives notice that, in the academical year 2018–19, the subjects for the examination in Management for the degree of Master of Philosophy will be as listed below. The method of examination is shown for each subject.

Group 1 – compulsory subjects

MM1

Quantitative techniques for management [2-hour written examination with additional 10 minutes of reading time]

MM2

Marketing [2-hour written examination with additional 10 minutes of reading time (50%), 10‑minute group project presentation (30%), and one group case study assignment at 1,500 words (20%)]

MM3

Business economics [2-hour written examination with additional 10 minutes of reading time]

MM4

Strategy [2-hour written examination with additional 10 minutes of reading time (70%), and three team assignments at 400 words each (30%)]

MM5

Organizational analysis and behaviour [2-hour written examination with additional 10 minutes of reading time (80%), and 10-minute group presentation with 5-minute Q&A and 500-word executive summary (20%)]

MM6

Finance [2-hour written examination with additional 10 minutes of reading time]

MM7

Accounting [2-hour written examination with additional 10 minutes of reading time (75%) and one group assignment at 4,500-words (25%)]

MM8

Operations management [2-hour written examination with additional 15 minutes of reading time]

MM9

Management consulting project [1-hour group presentation with 5,000-word report (75%), 1,500-word essay (20%), and class participation at project rehearsals (5%)]

Group 2 – optional papers

MME20

Business innovation in a digital age [7-minute individual presentation with 5-minute Q&A (10%), 15-minute group case study presentation (20%) with 5-minute discussion (5%), and 3,000-word individual assignment (65%)]

MME21

Ethics [3,000-word individual assignment (70%), and 15-minute group presentation with 5-minute Q&A (30%)]

MME22

Supply chain management [2-hour written examination with additional 10 minutes of reading time (70%) and 3,500-word group assignment (30%)]

MSE7

Human resources management [3,000-word essay]

MSE9

International business economics [3,000-word essay]

TPE25

Strategic valuation: uncertainty and real options in system design [project of no more than 4,000 words, comprising computer modelling and associated questions, and the preparation of a 6-slide PowerPoint presentation (100%)]

Strategy, Marketing, and Operations for the M.Phil. Degree, 2018–19

The Degree Committee for the Faculty of Business and Management gives notice that, in the academical year 2018–19, the nine subjects for the examination in Strategy, Marketing, and Operations for the degree of Master of Philosophy will be chosen from the list below. The method of examination is shown for each subject.

MP01

Econometrics I [two 3-hour class tests]

MP01A

Econometrics II [two 3-hour class tests]

SMO1

Advanced topics in operations and technology management research [class participation (20%), 30–40-minute presentation of mathematical proofs (20%), and two referee reports on working papers of no more than 2,000 words (60%)]

SMO2

Introduction to operations and technology management research [homework assignment up to 2,000 words (50%), participation in discussions (15%), and paper on research opportunities up to 3,000 words (35%)]

SMO3

Classics of operations and technology management research [class participation (20%), presentation (20%), up to 2,500-word research proposal (30%), and up to 2,000-word reviewer’s report (30%)]

SMO5

Individual research project (5,000-word essay)

SMO6

Fundamentals of competitive markets [one two-hour class test]

SMO8

Game theory and information economics [class participation (30%) and term paper up to 2,500 words (70%)]

MPO2

Qualitative research methods [five research exercises of no more than 1,000 words each]

ISOE7

Seminar in strategy process [individual paper and response letter of 12,500 words (maximum 25 pages) (50%), review paper of 1,000 words (two, single-spaced pages) (20%), leading discussion (15%), plus in-class participation (15%)]

MFin35

Further econometrics [TBC as per M.Fin. Notice to be published in Lent Term 2019]

ISO1

Information systems, innovation, and organizational change [2,500-word essay (65%), 20-minute seminar presentation (10%), and group faciliation: leading and facilitating discussion of a research theme during the course (25%)]

ISO2

Organizations and strategic innovation [3,000-word essay (70%) and half-hour seminar presentation (30%)]

ISO3

Organizations theory [3,000-word essay (70%) and half-hour seminar group presentation (30%)]

ISOE8

Organizational research methods [5,000-word essay (90%), plus class participation (10%)]

ISOE9

Field research in an era of grand challenges [4,000-word essay (100%)]

ISOE11

Consumer behaviour [3,000-word essay (60%), idea paper of 1,000 words (30%), plus class participation (10%)

In place of three of the modules above, students may opt to write a dissertation of not more than 12,000 words in length.

Technology Policy for the M.Phil. Degree, 2018–19

The Degree Committee for the Faculty of Business and Management gives notice that, in the academical year 2018–19, the subjects for the examination in Technology Policy for the degree of Master of Philosophy will be as listed below.

The method of examination is shown for each subject. Students must take twelve modules (six core modules, two Sectorial and Skills electives, two Enterprise Stream electives, and two Open electives). Students are also required to complete a Final Group Project.

Core modules (compulsory)

TP1

Technology policy: concepts and frameworks [2-hour end-of-term written in-class test (80%) and blog/Twitter contributions (20%)]

TP2

Economic foundations of technology policy [2-hour end-of-term written in-class test (100%)]

TP3

Case studies and simulations [3,000-word essay (90%) and class participation (10%)]

TP4

Business, government, and technology in emerging markets [2-hour end-of-term written in-class test (100%)]

TP5

Policy design and evaluation [2-hour end-of-term written in-class test (100%)]

TP6

Deciphering the European Union: business-government relations [policy analysis (80%) and a debate presentation (20%)]

FGP

Final group project [12,000-word written report (70%) and a 90-minute client presentation (30%)][double weighted]

Electives

Sectorial and skills

TPE22

Electricity and environment [1,000-word paper (30%) and a 2,000-word paper (70%)]

TPE23

Negotiation skills [3,000-word essay (100%)]

TPE25

Strategic valuation: uncertainty and real options in system design [project of no more than 4,000 words, comprising computer modelling and associated questions, and the preparation of a six-slide PowerPoint presentation (100%)]

Enterprise stream

TPE20

Managing the innovation process [class participation (20%), a case write-up of up to 1,000 words (40%), and a group project of up to 2,000 words (<10 pages and no more than one video) (40%)]

TPE21

Entrepreneurial science and innovation policy [one 1,000–1,500-word essay (50%) and two one-page short group reports (25% each)]

TPE24

Competitive strategy in the digital age: platform markets, network effects, and the new rules of strategy [2,500-word essay (80%) and class participation (20%)]

Open Stream

M.Phil. in Technology Policy students are permitted to borrow any of the following modules as an Open Stream elective:

From the M.Phil. in Innovation, Strategy, and Organization:

ISO2

Organizations and strategic innovation [3,000-word essay (70%) and half-hour seminar group presentation (30%)]

From the M.Phil. in Management:

MME20

Business innovation in a digital age [7-minute individual presentation with 5-minute Q&A (10%), 15-minute group case study presentation (20%) with 5-minute discussion (5%), and 3,000-word individual assignment (65%)]

The following modules offered on Part IIb of the Engineering Tripos in 2018; details of available modules and formats of examination were published in the Notice of 20 June 2018 (Reporter, 6511, 2017–18, p. 710). For those modules shown as assessed by coursework, students should contact the Department of Engineering for precise details of the requirements.

4E4

Management of technology

4E5

International business

4E6

Accounting and finance

4E11

Strategic management

The following modules offered on the M.Phil. in Engineering for Sustainable Development in 2018–19; details of available modules and formats of examination were published in the Notice of 25 July 2018 (Reporter, 6516, 2017–18, p. 856).

ESD360

Resilience and hazard mitigation in future cities

ESD450

Policy, legislation, and government