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Annual Report of the Board of Continuing Education for the academical year 2000-01

1. Summary

1.1 In the context of the Government's continuing commitment to widening participation and increasing access to higher education, the Board have continued their work of creating and offering a wide-ranging programme of courses and other educational activities for part-time adult students. A summary of their work during the year 2000-01 is detailed below. Further information about the Board's work is given in the following paragraphs. Details of the number of students, range of courses and qualifications taught, and other activities are provided in the appendices to the Report.

1.2 The Board's work is organized in the following way and an outline of the main activities under each heading is given in each section of the Report:

1.3 Course and student numbers are shown in Appendix B.

1.4 In their Report for 1999-2000 the Board drew attention to the work of the Committee established by the University in 1998-99 to review continuing education and lifelong learning throughout the University. The Board look forward to the implementation in the next academic year of the recommendations made by the Committee during 2000-01, particularly with regard to the setting up of a Council for Lifelong Learning and to the re-establishment of the Board of Continuing Education as an Institute of Continuing Education.

1.5 The Board would like to take the opportunity provided by their Report of expressing their thanks and appreciation to all those within and beyond the University who have contributed to their work during the year and supported their aims.

2. Lifelong Learning in the Community: Regional and Residential Courses

2.1 The Board continued to offer a wide range of credit and award-bearing courses to students in the local and national community.

2.2 Courses at Local Centres in the Region

2.2.1 The Regional programme was taught at around 67 Local Centres in Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Herfordshire, West Suffolk, and North Essex, and attracted 2,837 students to 172 courses with an average class size of 16.5 students, as against 2,677 students and 159 courses in 1999-2000. A combination of new tutors and subjects attracted new students to the programme and there were more enrolments on both 10-week and 20-week courses. Overall student numbers increased by 6%. Further courses were added to the programme during the year at the request of students and Local Centres. Several new independent Local Centres were set up across the region. Culford School, near Bury St Edmunds, hosted four successful and varied courses in its first year, the Suffolk Record Office at Bury St Edmunds was happy to use its refurbished premises for a course on Palaeography, and the Fenland and Community History Project ran oral history courses in Littleport and Isleham.

2.2.2 Tutors' resourcefulness was tested during the fuel crisis at the beginning of the Michaelmas Term and the outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease in the Lent Term. Many had to adapt their teaching, which in a number of cases included field trips and site visits, in order to fulfil the course requirements. Tutors and students rose to the challenge, however, and course content and attendance were not adversely affected.

2.2.3 Close liaison with Local Centres remained a priority, especially following changes in personnel at venues hosting a large number of courses. There was much discussion about the range of courses offered, the likelihood of their success and future planning and co-ordination of the programme. There was also close consultation with the Fitzwilliam Museum.

2.2.4 Planning for the academical year 2001-02 began during Lent Term 2001 and as a result 90 courses were planned for Michaelmas Term 2001 with a further 59 planned for the Lent and Easter Terms 2002.

2.2.5 The programme of courses offered at the Adult and Continuing Education Centre (ACE) in Cambridge was designed to complement the Certificate courses in Cambridge and to offer subjects which were not readily available elsewhere. Several new courses were offered which proved very successful including a social anthropology course 'Ways of Seeing' and 'The English Language through the Ages'. Literature, Art History, and Botanical Illustration courses also remained popular.

2.2.6 Owing to the need to accommodate an increased number of Certificate classes, the number of ACE courses was reduced to 23, but average class sizes slightly increased to 12.3 . The total number of students attending ACE courses was 283.

2.2.7 Following the completion of the renovation of the Raised Faculty Building, ACE evening classes were transferred to this building on Monday and Thursday evenings. The newly upgraded teaching rooms were greatly appreciated by tutors and students, and plans were made to transfer the ACE courses to the Raised Faculty Building and the Divinity Faculty Building for the academical year 2001-02 onwards.

2.2.8 A smaller day-school programme was offered. It attracted 432 students on 28 courses. As a result of the uneven popularity of the traditional-style day-school, during the year discussion took place on redesigning the programme for 2001-02 and moving the emphasis to courses based on the resources of the region, such as archaeological site visits, town and landscape walks, and visits to historic churches.

2.3 Certificate and Diploma Courses

2.3.1 The Certificate and Diploma courses saw a significant increase in enrolments from 695 students in 1999-2000 to 992 in 2000-01,with the increase being largely due to the new Certificate Programme in Orthodox Christian Studies. A new Certificate Programme in Creative Writing was launched successfully and enrolment across the remaining Certificate and Diploma programmes was steady. A total of 70 courses ran, 10 of which were short modules from the Orthodox Christian Studies programme, from a programme of 86 courses planned, compared to 57 courses from 73 planned in 1999-2000.

2.3.2 The provision in centres across the region of subject pathways through Certificate and Diploma core modules was expanded, with programmes running successfully in Biddenham, Bury St Edmunds, Peterborough, and Ware, as well as at several venues in Cambridge. In addition, a project-based module was introduced to a number of programmes to enable students to develop the knowledge gained through the core modules, to improve their research skills, and to offer them a 'fast-track' route to the completion of the award. The Board was pleased to note that one of their students who had gained a Certificate in Environment and Ecology was subsequently admitted as a graduate student at Wolfson College and obtained the Ph.D. Degree during the year.

2.3.3 Certificate Courses and Modular Programmes for which students gained credit in 2000-01: Archaeology, Art History, Counselling, Creative Writing, Drama and Theatre History, Film Studies, Landscape History and Field Archaeology, Local History, Modern English Literature, Orthodox Christian Studies, Psychology as a Social Science, Science.

2.3.4 Diplomas: Archaeology, Counselling, Landscape History and Field Archaeology, Local History.

2.3.5 Advanced Diplomas: Counselling, Local History.

2.4 Residential Courses (Madingley Hall)

2.4.1 The year 2000-01 saw an increase in the number of students attending the Residential programme at Madingley Hall, 3,554, as against 3,373 in 1999-2000. Particularly pleasing was the increase in the number of students attending longer mid-week courses during the summer. Many residential students accumulated credit towards the Board's awards and a number of students on other programmes attended residential weekends to augment the credit gained elsewhere.

2.4.2 The format of the residential brochure was redesigned for 2000-01 and elicited positive feedback from many students. Valuable feedback was also received from participants regarding the content of the programme, and several new subjects were introduced to reflect the interests of students and tutors. The panel of tutors teaching on the programme was also increased and many new specialist lecturers in areas such as Psychology and Forensic Science were accepted onto the Panel of Part-time Tutors.

2.4.3 The Reading Classical Greek and Reading Latin courses continued to attract record numbers. Bursaries continued to be offered to students on these programmes thanks to the generosity of the Classical Association and Friends of Classics. The number of students attending the modern language courses also increased and longer intensive language courses were offered during the summer months.

2.4.4 Tutors on the Residential programme continued to receive acknowledgement from the panel of External Moderators for their innovative assessment methods. During the academical year 2000-01, 130 tutors taught for the Board, 71% of whom were current university lecturers and 36% of these were University of Cambridge lecturers.

2.5 Subject Reports

2.5.1 Art History, Architecture, and the Decorative Arts. The modular Art History Certificate course, which has been available in Cambridge for the last three years, was also extended to Bury St Edmunds, where modules were taught in Michaelmas and Lent Terms. During the year, four students were awarded their certificates in Art History, the first to achieve this award. Two of these were able to progress directly into the second year of the Art History degree course at Anglia Polytechnic University.

2.5.2 Counselling and Psychology. The three-year programme run in partnership with the University Counselling Service was re-accredited by the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). This would be of benefit to those completing the course who wished to apply for their individual accreditation in order to become registered practitioners with the United Kingdom Register of Counsellors (UKRC).

2.5.3 Fenland Community History Project. The Board received funding from the Higher Education Funding Council, through the Four Counties Project, for a two-year widened participation project aimed at older, rural learners, to run in the Cambridgeshire fenland from February 2000 to August 2002. The project was built on the successes of the Fenland Oral History Project which was organized through the Board between 1995 and 1999. Pilot courses were organized at Isleham and Littleport in spring 2001, and would be consolidated through new courses in the coming academic year. New centres would be piloted at Witchford, Soham, and Earith in 2001-02. A substantial part of the project was the emphasis on key skills and the development of support materials for students returning to education after many years. Work on key skills in 'Information Technology' and 'Working with Others' was integrated into the academic content of the courses followed in 2000-01. Support materials aimed at enabling students to prepare for and reflect on their learning were prepared and piloted.

2.5.4 Landscape History. The Certificate in Landscape History was offered at Ware to a committed cohort of students. Successful progression in Landscape History was provided at Cambridge and Peterborough, where students had completed the final year of the Diploma in Landscape History. Preparations were made to offer the Advanced Diploma in Landscape History for the first time in 2001-02, allowing students the opportunity to complete all three undergraduate levels with the Board. A new Certificate in Garden History was developed during the year and would be offered for the first time in 2001-02. The South-West Cambridgeshire Project continued to offer research skills in Landscape History to students, and the opportunity for community participation in a longitudinal research project. The concise Interim Reports were published in the Annual Reports of the Medieval Settlement Research Group. The Learning and Teaching Support Network (LTSN) for History, Classics, and Archaeology agreed to fund a small-scale research project to evaluate the effectiveness of explicit attention to (a) reflective learning and (b) key writing skills in enhancing the achievement of credit among part-time, older students studying landscape history at undergraduate level 1, particularly those who had not studied in higher education before or for over ten years. The application was favourably received by the LTSN which noted that it was 'an exceptionally impressive proposal'.

2.5.5 Local History. Local History continued to maintain a high profile in the Board's programme. Extension courses across the region included a wide range of topics from the Wars of the Roses to the Victorian Household. Practical courses on palaeography were offered both as extension courses, and as summer schools. Core modules in the level 1 Certificate in Local History were completed in Cambridge, and students at Bury St Edmunds achieved the necessary credits to proceed to the level 2 Diploma in Local History in the forthcoming academic year. Five students were registered on the level 3 Advanced Diploma in Local History undertaking research on subjects as varied as the eighteenth-century development of road transport to agricultural history in Oxfordshire. Two of the students studying for the Advanced Diploma were accepted onto the Master of Studies in Local History.

2.5.6 Science. An increase in the number of science courses running throughout the region resulted in a large increase in the number of science students registered on the Extension Programme, from 251 in 1999-2000 to 356 in 2000-01 (an increase of 42%). In particular, there was good participation in science courses in the north of the region, with large numbers attending courses at Wisbech, March, and Peterborough, while an exciting development was the opening of the new Local Centre at Culford School providing laboratory facilities for science courses. A meeting of Science Tutors in Continuing Education was organized at Madingley Hall. This successful event was attended by tutors from many British universities and provided a useful forum for the discussion of some specific issues relating to course provision and tutoring in science. During National Science Week in March 2001 a 'Science at Seven' lecture was staged in conjunction with the Discovery Programme run by the University's Museums of the Human and Natural Sciences. The Board hosted a public reception prior to the lecture, entitled Unravelling the puzzle of Stonehenge, where information on the range of courses provided by the Board was displayed and Board staff and part-time tutors were able to meet and talk to visitors. Staff and students of the Board also contributed to the Science on Saturday event, presenting information on genetics and the Human Genome Project together with representatives from the Sanger Centre.

2.5.7 Students' Open Day. The second Annual Students' Day was held on Saturday 5 May 2001. It attracted over 90 students from Local Centres across the region. The timetable for the day included the Annual General Meeting of the Local Centres' Union; presentations of the Board's work by the Director and other members of staff and students; a question and answer session and a very well-received lecture given by Professor John Parker, Director of the Botanic Garden, about the plants and history of the Garden.

3. Lifelong Learning Worldwide: International Programmes

3.1 International and Joint programmes and enrolment

The International Division ran 12 programmes, with a total of 155 courses, compared with 168 courses in 2000. (Ten additional courses were cancelled due to low enrolment, and one was cancelled during the summer, when the course (also programme) Director was called away suddenly to a family emergency in New Zealand.) Total participant numbers (at 1,106) were down some 12% on 2000 (1,240). The fall in enrolments, although confined to just five out of the twelve programmes, was significant, and largely explained by the adverse international publicity concerning Foot and Mouth Disease at the peak time for applications (March and April 2001). The resultant reduction in income and accommodation cancellation fees will mean a financial deficit for the year.

3.2 Conference representation

The Division was represented by workshops and presentations at the annual conferences of NAASS (North American Association of Summer Sessions) and EAIE (the European Association of International Educators) in November 2000, continuing to heighten its profile and up-date staff on developments in short-term study abroad world-wide.

3.3 Student profile

Students attending the International Summer Schools came from 66 countries. Some 18% came from the European Community, 52% from the USA (reflecting several newly-established and long-standing relationships with particular institutions) and 30% from the rest of the world, including 8% from Japan and 3% from Australia and New Zealand. Some 162 (15% or 1:7) had attended our programmes before. 55% of students in 2001 were current undergraduate or graduate students and 12% were teachers or lecturers. 38% had university degrees, including 17% with M.A. or Ph.D. Degrees 67% were female.

3.4 Teaching profile

Some 120 different lecturers contributed one or more whole courses (of between 5 and 24 lectures) to the programmes. A further 120 senior guests approximately (from within the University of Cambridge and from farther afield) contributed one or more guest lectures, the majority of which formed very well-received series of plenary lectures for the Art History, History, English Literature, Shakespeare, Medieval Studies, and Science Summer Schools. The main International Summer School was enhanced by plenary lectures from leading Cambridge figures on 'Memory'.

3.5 Evaluation students

Academic standards were again high, but, reflecting the decrease in enrolment, fewer written papers were submitted for evaluation: 651 in 2001, compared with 669 in 2000, 714 in 1999, and 541 in 1998. Guidance and support for evaluation-takers was provided both in written material and through briefing meetings (now a regular feature of the academic programme). Five students completed the intensive 'honours option', undertaking six papers and attending supervisions over a period of six weeks.

3.6 Scholarships

In recognition of our increased commitment to scholarship support, twelve students received scholarships from the Board to attend one of the programmes. Students this year came from Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgystan, Estonia, Russia, and Brazil.

3.7 Extra-curricular elements

These elements of the Summer Schools included very fine concerts, as well as ceilidhs, jazz dance, and disco, and an extensive programme of weekend excursions and course-related field-trips.

3.8 Summary

A team of recent University of Cambridge graduates lent considerable support to the permanent team of seven in their handling of the Summer Schools, and, despite lower enrolments, responses from students and course directors were, on the whole, extremely positive.

4. Lifelong Learning for the Workplace: Continuing Professional Education

4.1

While the IBM Programme and the HM Forces Programme continued successfully, the number and range of courses within the field of Legal Studies continued to decline with 57 courses being offered during the year as against 75 courses in the previous year. This was due mainly to changes in the arrangements for the funding of magistrates' training and the highly competitive nature of training in other legal fields, including solicitors' training.

4.2

A review of work within the field of Legal Studies was undertaken. Consideration was also given to the range of courses offered within the general category of Continuing Professional Education as a whole, including Legal Studies, and plans were discussed to re-shape this area of work for future years.

4.3 HM Forces Programme

During 2000-01 nine courses were delivered for HM Forces with a total of 166 officers attending. In addition to the seven courses on Strategic Studies, Airpower, and Unix topics, two courses specifically designed for Senior Officers were offered on the subjects of 'International Law and Humanitarian Intervention' and 'The Media and the Armed Forces'. The teaching of this programme was co-ordinated with staff of the Centre of International Studies and expert lecturers were recruited from within Cambridge and further afield

4.4 Cambridge IBM Programme

The IBM Cambridge Programme took place successfully for the 35th time at Churchill College in June and July 2001. There were 36 participants from 20 countries.

4.5 Magistrates/Lord Chancellor's Department Training

In response to requests, twelve magistrates' in-house training sessions were provided, including a series of ten repeated Chairmanship Refresher sessions for Outer London magistrates, attracting a total of 212 students. Courses for New Bench Chairmen were organized for the Lord Chancellor's Department and recruited 82 students in 2000-01. In addition a new Certificate in Continuing Education for Training the Trainers (Magistrates Courts) at the request of Essex Magistrates' Courts Committee was provided.

4.6 Solicitors' Courses

For 2000-01 a programme of 20 courses was planned, of which 13 courses recruited a sufficient audience to run. The programme attracted 207 students as against 215 in the previous year.

4.7 Diploma in Notarial Practice

This distance-learning course, which began in September 1999, recruited its third intake with 83 new students, maintaining the interest of the previous year and bringing the total number of enrolled students to 195. Completion rates are currently about 12-15 students a year

4.8 Certificate/Diploma in English and European Law. Diploma in an Introduction to English Law and the Law of the European Union: Poland, Czech Republic, Bulgaria

These courses recruited well, with the majority of students completing the courses successfully. It was decided that the Diploma course held in Slovenia in 1999-2000 should not be continued in view of the institutional difficulties encountered.

4.9 Legal Studies: Summer Schools

Pennsylvania Bar Association Summer Study course did not go ahead on grounds of poor recruitment attributable to the 'Foot and Mouth' epidemic. The Summer School in English Legal Methods in conjunction with the Faculty of Law took place and recruited reasonably well with 102 students in 2000-01 compared with 122 students in the previous year.

4.10 Certificate in Community Policing

This commenced in February 2001 with the second intake of students. There were 29 students from Cambridgeshire Constabulary registered at the start of the course. This number reduced to 19 largely due to work commitments. Between the pilot course, and the offering of it a second time, the course was reviewed and re-written in conjunction with the Constabulary.

4.11 Other Courses and Conferences

These included a course for teachers of A-Level Law and the Annual LL.B. Revision Course for students taking the University of London External LL.B. course. A-Level Law recruited 88 students in 2000-01 (85 in the previous year), with LL.B. somewhat down on the previous year with 143 students in 2000-01 (186 in the previous year), although still satisfactory numbers. The Central Probation Council conference was held in Bristol during October 2000 for 94 delegates. The production and distribution of the new video were completed.

5. Master of Studies Degrees

5.1 English Local History

Of the eleven students enrolled on the second year of the Master of Studies in English Local History, 10 completed the course and their results were expected to be available during Michaelmas term 2001. 17 students were admitted to the Master of Studies in English Local History for 2001-03.

5.2 Modernism: English Literature 1890-1939

9 students completed the first year of the course and six were expected to continue to the second year.

5.3 International Relations

This course was offered for the first time in September 2001 and the response from potential students far exceeded expectations. It was developed by the Board in collaboration with the Centre of International Studies to complement the M.Phil. 146 information packs were requested during the year and 49 applications received. 33 offers were made and 28 students, from 10 different countries, accepted places to commence in the academic year 2001-02.

5.4 Applied Criminology and Police Studies

This course recruited well, and the contract with the Police Authority was renewed for a further five years. The intake for 2000-01 was particularly good at 38 students.

5.5 Applied Criminology and Management (Prison Studies)

This course also recruited well, as in previous years, with 16 students.

6. Cambridge Programme for Industry (CPI)

6.1 The year was another eventful one for CPI as the organization continued to grow both the programmes within its wide portfolio of activities and the staff who develop and support them.

6.2 The Joint Report of the Council and General Board (published in the Reporter, 25 July 2001) concluded that adoption of the principles of the Lifelong Learning Review Committee's report would be in the best interest of the future development of continuing education and lifelong learning in the University. As a result it was agreed that CPI should become a free-standing institution under the supervision of the General Board with its own Management Board. The exact practicalities of this were to be worked through.

6.3 CPI continued to implement its strategic intention to work on fewer, larger projects, building on a series of high-level external partnerships to enable managed growth and diversity of involvement. The result was the continuation of interesting work with, inter alia, BP, Marconi, the Prince of Wales' Business Leaders Forum, the Open University, the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, and the Institute of Directors. This form of development was planned to increase in the years ahead, and it was expected that it would be matched by an evolving number of internal partnerships with Departments and Faculties of the University.

6.4 Projects, new and continuing, managed by CPI fell broadly within a number of related categories, including the management of change and diversity, corporate and industrial sustainability, innovation, and futures thinking. These themes were underpinned by CPI's growing expertise in organizational learning.

6.5 Whilst maintaining an interest in conventional delivery techniques, interest in the process of learning led to the testing of new and innovative approaches to reaching participants on programmes. As well as piloting online collaboration and facilitation techniques, the programme became involved in a number of partnerships to research and develop new approaches. Successful bids to develop new initiatives were made to the Open University, the Pharma NTO, and the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Trades (SMMT).

7. Madingley Hall

7.1 The year 2000-01 was a successful year for the Hall. It continued to make a significant contribution to the Board's work by helping to create a learning community for the Board's students and supporting the educational mission of the Board. Students and conference delegates alike continued to find the facilities, quality of service, and ambience of the Hall highly satisfactory.

7.2 Work commenced in December 2000 on a complete refurbishment of the kitchens and was successfully completed in May 2001. Despite having such a major project at the heart of its activity, the Hall remained open and, thanks to the skill and professionalism of the staff, disruption to course members was kept to a minimum. The Board was pleased to note that that there was a small overall increase in usage of the Hall during the year.

7.3 A total of 591 courses and events took place in the Hall during the year as against 616 in 1999-2000. There was a planned reduction in the amount of non-residential work (7%) in order to ease pressure on the kitchens during refurbishment. However, residential occupancy increased by 6% to 14,685 bednights (13,819 in 1999-2000), representing an overall residential occupancy rate of 65%. Conference work remained at a satisfactory level (42% of usage) and helped to create the income required to fund the running costs of the Hall and grounds, including staffing, maintenance, student services, and capital improvements to equipment and buildings.

Appendix A: Publications

Hicks, C.

Improper Pursuits: the Scandalous Life of Lady Di Beauclerk, Macmillan (2001)

Various articles in The Oxford Companion to Western Art ed. H. Brigstocke, Oxford University Press (2001)

Howes, G. A. K.

'The Sociologist as Stylist: David Martin and Pentecostalism', in A. Walker and M. Percy (eds) Restoring the Image - Essays on Religion and Society in Honour of David Martin, Sheffield Academic Press (2001), pp. 98-108

'Seeing and Believing', in Church Building Sept/Oct 2000

'Implicit Religion. Some Sociological Reflections', in Implicit Religion Vol. 4 No. 2 (2001), pp. 131-4

Reviews:

J. Davies (ed) 'Ritual and Remembrance' in Theology CIII No. 96 (2000)

L. J. Francis and Y. J. Katz (eds) 'Joining and Leaving Religion: Research Perspectives', in Theology CIV No. 821 (2001)

D. J. Davies 'The Mormon Culture of Salvation' in Theology CIV No. 821 (2001)

Mason, R.

'Faith set apart from philosophy? Spinoza and Pascal' in Piety, Peace and the Freedom to Philosophize: Studies on Baruch Spinoza's Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, ed. Paul Bagley, Kluwer (1999)

Before Logic, State University of New York Press (2000)

Spinoza and Pascal: two views on religion, Mededelingen vanwege het Spinozahuis, 76, Eburon (2000)

'Intelligibility: the basic premise?' Iyyun, The Jerusalem Philosophical Quartely, vol. 50, (July 2001)

Oosthuizen, S. M.

Co-editor with N. James South-West Cambridge-shire Project: Informal Interim Report 1998-99 University of Cambridge, Board of Continuing Education (2000)

Co-editor with N. James 'The South West Cambridgeshire Project: First Interim Report 1998-9' Medieval Settlement Research Group Annual Report 1999 University of Cambridge, Board of Continuing Education (2000)

Oosthuizen, S. M. and Christopher Taylor

'John O'Gaunt's House, Bassingbourn, Cambridgeshire: a fifteenth-century landscape' Landscape History 22, 61-76 (2000)

Oosthuizen, S. M. and C. C. Taylor

'Rediscovery of a Vanished Garden in Bassingbourn, Cambridgeshire, and the Impact of the Lynne family on the Medieval Landscape' Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society

Reviews:

'Theresa Ann Hall: Anglo-Saxon Minsters in Dorset' Antiquity 75: 288 (June 2001)

'In the field: C. C. Taylor Fields in the English Landscape' British Archaeology 56, (December 2000), 28

'N. G. Pounds: A history of the English parish' Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society 89 (2000), 87

'Richard Muir: The New Reading the Landscape' Local Historian 31: 1 (2000), 55

'N. G. Pounds: A history of the English parish' Landscapes 2: 1 (2000), 91-2

Appendix C: Students awarded Certificates and Diplomas in the academical year September 2000 - August 2001 within Regional and Residential Courses and Continuing Professional Education

Certificate of Continuing Education

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Cambridge University Reporter, Monday 8 April 2002
Copyright © 2002 The Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.